How to use routing to implement SPA applications in Vue

SPA (Single Page Application) is a modern web application architecture whose main advantage is that it can provide a better user experience compared to traditional multi-page applications. Vue.js is a popular front-end framework that provides excellent routing functions and can be well used to implement SPA applications. This article will introduce how to use routing to implement SPA applications in Vue.

Introduction to Vue Router

Vue Router is the routing manager officially provided by Vue.js. It can be integrated well into Vue.js applications and provides some APIs that can help us implement the routing function of single-page applications. Vue Router not only provides a mechanism to implement routing navigation, but also provides some functions to handle routing parameters, routing status and object transfer, etc.

Install Vue Router

To use Vue Router, you first need to install Vue Router. We can install it through npm or yarn. Execute the following command in the terminal window:

npm install vue-router --save

or

yarn add vue-router

After the installation is complete, we need to introduce Vue Router in the main entry file of the Vue.js application:

import Vue from 'vue'
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
import App from './App.vue'

Vue.use(VueRouter)

const router = new VueRouter({
  routes
})

new Vue({
  el: '#app',
  router,
  render: h => h(App)
})

We first introduce Vue and VueRouter, and then we install VueRouter into Vue. Next, we create a router instance and pass it to the Vue.js application instance.

Configuring routing

To use Vue Router, we need to define a routing table that will tell Vue Router which components should be rendered for each URL path in the application. We can define the routing table through an array:

const routes = [
  { path: '/', component: Home },
  { path: '/about', component: About },
  { path: '/contact', component: Contact }
]

In this example, we define three routing rules. When the user accesses the '/' path, the Home component will be rendered; when the user accesses the '/about' path, the About component will be rendered; when the user accesses the '/contact' path, the Contact component will be rendered.

We can configure the routing table into the application through the routes option of the Vue Router instance:

const router = new VueRouter({
  routes
})

After completing all the above configurations, we can use Angular elements to implement multi-view applications.

Routing redirection

Sometimes, we need to redirect a certain URL path to another path. Vue Router also supports route redirection. Through redirection, you can transfer one URL address to another address. We can define a redirect routing rule:

const routes = [
  { path: '/', redirect: '/home' },
  { path: '/home', component: Home }
]

In this example, when the user accesses '/', it will automatically redirect to the '/home' route and render the Home component.

Nested routing

In Vue Router, we can use nested routing to implement nested views. Nested routing means that a route can have sub-routes, and each sub-route can have its own path and components.

const routes = [
  {
    path: '/',
    component: MainLayout,
    children: [
      { path: '', component: Home },
      { path: 'about', component: About },
      { path: 'contact', component: Contact }
    ]
  }
]

In this example, we define the parent route MainLayout and three child routes Home, About and Contact. When the user accesses the root path /, the MainLayout component will be rendered and play the role of "parent" in the MainLayout component. The <router-view> directive in the parent component is used to display and/or nest subviews.

Named routing

In Vue Router, we can use names to define and use routes to make it easier to manage and refactor applications.

const routes = [
  { path: '/user/:username', name: 'user', component: User }
]

In this example, we use the name attribute to specify the route name. Using named routes, we can navigate to the route by name instead of path:

<router-link :to="{ name: 'user', params: { username: 'me' }}">My Profile</router-link>

When the user clicks on the My Profile link, they will automatically navigate to the "User" route and send a request to the User component Pass parameter "me".

Routing parameters

In Vue Router, routing parameters refer to a special part of the URL, such as:/user/:username, where :username is a routing parameter. We can access route parameters using $route.params in the component.

const User = {
  template: '<div>User {{ $route.params.username }}</div>'
}

In this example, we access the route parameters through $route.params.username to render the User component. When the user accesses '/user/me', the User component will be rendered and "User me" will be displayed.

Navigation Guard

Vue Router provides some navigation guards that can perform some tests or operations before or after the route jumps:

const router = new VueRouter({
  routes
})

router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
  // ...
})

router.afterEach((to, from) => {
  // ...
})

In this example, We define beforeEach and afterEach navigation hooks. beforeEachThe hook is executed before the route jumps, and afterEachThe hook is executed after the route jumps. They can both receive to and from parameters, where the to parameter indicates the target route to be jumped, and the from parameter indicates the source route to be jumped. In the beforeEach hook, we can perform some permission checks or other control logic.

Summary

Vue Router is a flexible and easy-to-use routing manager that can implement SPA applications well. In this article, we introduced the basic usage of Vue Router, including installation, configuring routes, route redirections, nested routes, named routes, route parameters, and navigation guards. These are common uses of Vue Router and can help us better build single-page applications.

If you want to learn more about Vue Router, please refer to the Vue Router official documentation.

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