How to implement blockchain traceability in PHP

With the continuous development of blockchain technology, more and more enterprises and organizations are beginning to understand and apply this technology. One of the very important application scenarios is blockchain traceability.

Blockchain traceability refers to the use of blockchain technology to track the entire process of a commodity or asset from the place of origin to the place of consumption, as well as every link it goes through. This method can greatly improve the transparency and trust of goods and prevent commodity fraud and the circulation of inferior products.

In this article, we will discuss how to implement blockchain traceability in PHP.

1. Establish a blockchain network

First, we need to establish a blockchain network. You can choose to build your own blockchain on the public chain, or you can choose to build a private chain. Here we choose to build a private chain.

We can use Hyperledger Fabric to build our own private chain. Hyperledger Fabric is an open source platform that helps us build various enterprise-level blockchain solutions. It is worth mentioning that the Hyperledger Fabric platform is programmable, so we can use different programming languages ​​to write smart contracts.

2. Writing smart contracts

A smart contract is a computer program that is encapsulated in the blockchain. Through smart contracts, we can define the manufacturer, batch number, production date, transporter and other information of the product and record it. At the same time, the smart contract will encrypt this information to ensure data security.

In PHP, we can use the SDK provided by Hyperledger Fabric to call smart contracts. First, we need to import the SDK in the code:

require_once(__DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php');
use HyperledgerFabricClient;
use HyperledgerFabricPeer;
use HyperledgerFabricChaincode;
use HyperledgerFabricTransaction;

Next, we need to connect to the Hyperledger Fabric network:

$client = new Client();
$client->addPeer(new Peer('grpc://localhost:7051'));
$client->setChaincode(new Chaincode('my_chaincode', $client));
$client->open();

Now we can define some operations of the smart contract, such as adding batches :

$tx = new Transaction();
$tx->setArgs(['batch001', 'producer001', '2021-01-01']);
$client->chaincode()->invoke('addBatch', $tx);

The above code indicates adding a batch to the smart contract. The batch number is "batch001", produced by "producer001", and the production date is "2021-01-01".

3. Call the smart contract

When the batch information is added to the smart contract, we can query the production information of the batch through its batch number. Similar to the previous code, we can use Hyperledger Fabric's SDK to query batch information:

$tx = new Transaction();
$tx->setArgs(['batch001']);
$result = $client->chaincode()->query('queryBatch', $tx);
$batch_info = json_decode($result, true); //将结果解析为JSON格式

In this code, we query the batch information through the batch number "batch001", and the returned result is A string in JSON format that needs to be parsed.

4. Result Display

Finally, we can use HTML and CSS to display the traceability results. Only part of the code is shown here, the detailed code can be written by yourself.

<h1>Product Batch Info</h1>
<table>
  <tr><td>Batch ID:</td><td><?= $batch_info['BatchID'] ?></td></tr>
  <tr><td>Producer:</td><td><?= $batch_info['Producer'] ?></td></tr>
  <tr><td>Production Date:</td><td><?= $batch_info['ProductionDate'] ?></td></tr>
  <!-- 其他信息 -->
</table>

The above code uses HTML and CSS to display the basic attributes of batch information, such as batch number, manufacturer, etc. In addition, more information display can be added, such as transportation routes, breeding environment, etc.

Summary

The above is the basic method to implement blockchain traceability in PHP. It should be noted that in order to ensure data security, we need to strictly restrict access to smart contracts to avoid arbitrary data modification. At the same time, we also need to pay attention to the performance issues of smart contracts to avoid problems such as slow connections or crashes in high concurrency scenarios.

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