Security performance optimization of Nginx and related services

In today's network environment, attackers continue to use various means to attack every corner of the earth. As part of the enterprise IT architecture, the security performance optimization of Nginx and related services (such as PHP, MySQL) is particularly important. The following will introduce some basic Nginx security performance optimization techniques.

Step 1: Upgrade Nginx version

The new version can bring better performance and security features. The new version of Nginx includes security patches and will be more secure than the old version. It is recommended to use source code to compile and install, which can customize the installation parameters to the greatest extent to meet different needs.

Step 2: SSL/TLS Encryption

For online services, using SSL/TLS to encrypt communication is a basic security measure. For Nginx services, you can use Nginx's own SSL/TLS module to implement encrypted communication. When configuring the HTTPS service, it is recommended to use a certificate issued by a Certificate Signing Authority (CA) to avoid "man-in-the-middle attacks".

Step 3: Adjust TCP/IP parameters

For websites with high activity volume, adjusting TCP/IP parameters can significantly improve the performance of the Nginx server. For example, TCP window size (TCP window size), local endpoint TCP connection queue length (listen backlog), etc. can be adjusted through Linux kernel parameters.

Step 4: Limit the frequency of access requests

You can limit the frequency of access requests based on IP address, scenario, time and other information to avoid high-traffic access and improve the stability of Nginx. You can use the limit_req module that comes with Nginx to implement restrictions. Limit rules can be set according to scenarios, such as a limit of 20 times per minute on mobile devices, a limit of 100 times per minute on PC, etc.

Step 5: Prevent DDoS attacks

DDoS attack is an organized attack method. The attacker will unite some machines to initiate a large number of requests to the specified target, thereby making the target website service unavailable. use. Preventing DDoS attacks is a difficult technical challenge. However, for some simple attacks, basic protection can be provided through Nginx's limit_conn and limit_req modules.

Step 6: Reduce the information exposed to the outside world

In a production environment, it is best to close some Nginx interfaces or restrict the IP access list. When returning an error page, do not expose too much detailed information, such as version type, specific file path, permissions, etc. Attackers can use this information to further attack the server.

Step 7: Authorization and access control

You can implement authorization and access control of HTTP requests through Nginx's access and auth_basic modules. For example, restricting certain privileged users to access some APIs, or restricting sensitive interface IPs from accessing IP lists, etc.

Step 8: Log monitoring and analysis

Nginx logs can record a lot of information, including access date, visitor IP address, request method, URI, return status code, response size, etc. . You can monitor and analyze Nginx logs to enhance the security performance optimization of the Nginx environment. Understanding attacker behavior will help you adjust security policies to avoid attacks.

In short, the security performance optimization of Nginx and related services is a very important topic. Only by constantly adjusting and strengthening security can we ensure the safe and stable operation of the Nginx server on the Internet.

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