How to use anonymous functions in Go language?

The Go language is a modern programming language suitable for creating reliable and efficient software and web applications. In addition to having all the basic language features that other programming languages ​​have, the language also provides many additional advanced features, one of which is anonymous functions.

In the Go language, an anonymous function is a function that has no name, so it is also called a "closure". Normally, a function must have a name to be used in a program, but an anonymous function is just a function that does not have a name.

The syntax for defining anonymous functions in the Go language is {} with the function body included in the middle. Anonymous functions are usually defined within the function body and can only be used when defined. We can define anonymous functions within functions, and we can also pass anonymous functions as parameters to other functions.

The following is an example of using an anonymous function:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    result := func(a, b int) int {
        return a + b
    }(1, 2)
    fmt.Println(result)
}

In the above code, we define an anonymous function func(a, b int) int { return a b } and call it directly and store the return value in the result variable.

In addition to defining and calling anonymous functions directly in the function body, we can also pass anonymous functions as parameters to other functions. This usage is widely used in functional programming.

The following is a simple example:

package main

import "fmt"

func calculate(a, b int, op func(int, int) int) int {
    return op(a, b)
}

func main() {
    add := func(a, b int) int {
        return a + b
    }

    subtract := func(a, b int) int {
        return a - b
    }

    result := calculate(10, 5, add)
    fmt.Println("Addition result:", result)

    result = calculate(10, 5, subtract)
    fmt.Println("Subtraction result:", result)
}

In the above example, we define two anonymous functions add and subtract, and Pass it as a parameter to the calculate function. calculate The function accepts two integers and a function that accepts two integers and returns an integer as arguments. In the main function, we call the calculate function twice, passing the add and subtract functions as the third parameter respectively.

In general, anonymous functions are a powerful feature of the Go language, which can make the code more concise and easier to maintain. During the development process, anonymous functions are usually used to implement some simple and highly targeted functions, such as implementing filters or iterators. When implementing these functions, anonymous functions can be used as a temporary function block, making the code more readable and easier to debug.

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