ACL configuration based on browser fingerprinting in Nginx reverse proxy

With the continuous development of the Internet, Web applications have become an indispensable part of our lives. Many businesses and organizations have also developed their own web applications to provide users with better products and services. However, with the popularity of Web applications, network security has become an important issue that we need to solve. Sometimes, we need to use a reverse proxy to protect our web applications to ensure our data is safe.

Nginx is a very popular reverse proxy server. It can be used for functions such as load balancing, reverse proxy, HTTP caching, and SSL terminal processing. In this article, we will explain how to use Nginx reverse proxy to configure browser fingerprinting-based access control lists (ACLs) to protect our applications.

Browser fingerprint refers to the unique identifier of the browser, which can be used to distinguish different browsers. This identification consists of some characteristics of the browser, such as operating system information, browser version, plug-in list, etc. ACLs based on browser fingerprinting can make decisions based on the browser's unique identifier and grant or deny access to specific requests.

First, we need to use JavaScript to collect browser fingerprints. We can use ready-made third-party libraries, such as Fingerprintjs2, which provides a simple and easy-to-use interface to collect browser fingerprints. We only need to introduce the library and then call its get() method to obtain the browser fingerprint. Here is a sample code:

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fingerprintjs2/2.1.0/fingerprint2.min.js"></script>

<script>
    var fingerprint;
    new Fingerprint2().get(function(result) {
        fingerprint = result;
    });
</script>

After collecting the browser fingerprint, we send it to the server for verification. The server compares the browser fingerprint to the entries in the access control list. If the browser fingerprint matches any of the entries in the ACL, the server will grant access. Otherwise, the server will deny access.

The following is a simple Nginx reverse proxy server configuration, used to configure ACL based on browser fingerprinting:

http {
    # 定义访问控制列表
    map $http_user_agent $acl {
        default 0; # 默认情况下拒绝访问
        ~*Firefox 1; # 允许使用Firefox访问
        ~*Chrome 1;  # 允许使用Chrome访问
    }

    # 反向代理配置
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name example.com;

        location / {
            if ($acl = 0) {
                return 403; # 拒绝访问
            }

            # 反向代理到实际的Web应用程序
            proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
        }
    }
}

In this configuration, we use the Nginx map module to define access Control list. Among them, $http_user_agent represents the User-Agent field in the HTTP request header. This field contains browser information and can be used to identify the browser. The default entry is set to 0, which means access is denied by default. We've also added two regular expressions to allow access using Firefox and Chrome browsers.

In the configuration of the reverse proxy, we used an if statement in the location block to check the entries in the ACL. If there is no match in the ACL, a 403 status code is returned, indicating access is denied. Otherwise, we reverse-proxy to the actual web application.

In general, Nginx reverse proxy can help us protect the security of web applications. By configuring ACL based on browser fingerprinting, we can control access permissions based on the browser's unique identifier and enhance the security of our applications.

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