How to use Oracle database in PHP programming?

As a mature and stable database, Oracle is widely used in enterprise-level application development. As a commonly used server-side programming language, PHP can also be integrated with Oracle database. This article will introduce how to use Oracle database in PHP programming.

1. Installing Oracle Instant Client
   Using Oracle database in PHP requires installing Oracle Instant Client, which provides the client library files required to access the Oracle database. You can download the Oracle Instant Client corresponding to the operating system version from the Oracle official website and install it on the server. It should be noted that the corresponding PHP version of Instant Client needs to be installed, otherwise it will not work properly.
2. Install PHP extension
   Using Oracle database in PHP requires installing the Oracle OCI extension. OCI is an API provided by Oracle for communicating with the Oracle database, so the "OCI" of the PHP extension means Oracle Call Interface. PHP's OCI extension can be downloaded from PECL (PHP Extension Community Library), but this requires PEAR (PHP Extension and Application Repository) to be installed in advance, which is a complicated process. Therefore, it is recommended to use the pecl command directly on the server to install.

In Linux systems, you can use the following command to install the OCI extension:

pecl install oci8

In Windows systems, you can enable OCI extensions by modifying the php.ini configuration file.

3. Configure PHP running environment
   After installing the OCI extension, you need to enable the OCI extension in the PHP configuration file php.ini. Find the following lines in php.ini and make sure they are enabled:

   extension=oci8.so

   or:

   extension=php_oci8.dll

   Additionally, the connection parameters for the Oracle database need to be set in php.ini:

   oci8.connection_class = MYAPP
   oci8.default_prefetch = 100
   oci8.events = Off
   oci8.max_persistent = -1
   oci8.old_oci_close_semantics = Off
   oci8.persistent_timeout = -1
   oci8.ping_interval = 60
   oci8.privileged_connect = Off
   oci8.statement_cache_size = 20

   When setting parameters, you need to adjust them according to the actual situation.

4. Connecting to the Oracle database
   Using the Oracle database in PHP requires connecting through the oci_connect() function provided by the OCI extension. The parameters of the function include Oracle username, password and connection string. The name or service name, host name, and port number of the Oracle database need to be specified in the connection string. The sample code is as follows:

   $connection = oci_connect('user', 'password', '//localhost/orcl');

5. Execute SQL statement
   The SQL statement can be parsed into an executable cursor (cursor) through the oci_parse() function. For example, the following code can query an Oracle table containing numeric values ​​and strings:

   $statement = oci_parse($connection, "SELECT * FROM my_table");
   oci_execute($statement);

   If the SQL statement is executed incorrectly, the error information can be obtained through the oci_error() function provided by the OCI extension. For update operations, you can use the oci_commit() and oci_rollback() functions to commit or rollback the transaction.

6. Get the query results
   You can get a row of records in the query result set through the following code:

   $row = oci_fetch_assoc($statement);

   oci_fetch_assoc() function returns an array in which the key is the result The name of each column in the set, and the corresponding value is the value of the corresponding column in the row record. It should be noted that if you want to fetch multiple rows of records, you need to add a loop within the oci_fetch_assoc() function.

   The above is the basic process and method of using Oracle database in PHP programming. It should be noted that various errors are prone to occur during the integration process with the Oracle database. For common errors, you can obtain synchronous error information through the oci_error() function provided by the OCI extension, and use Oracle's own log function to analyze asynchronous database problems.

   When using Oracle database, SQL statements need to be written rigorously. Especially for data insertion and update operations, relevant security checks and verifications need to be performed to avoid security issues such as injection attacks.

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