How to use Phinx for database migration in ThinkPHP6?

With the rapid development of Web applications, the database, as a part of the application, has also been given higher importance. For web developers, the security, reliability and stability of database data are crucial. The design and management of data tables is also a key part of development work, so data migration has become one of the important methods of database operations.

Phinx is a PHP library that helps developers perform database migration and management of applications. As a popular PHP framework, ThinkPHP6 also provides how to use Phinx, which can simplify our development work.

This article will introduce the method of using Phinx for database migration in the ThinkPHP6 framework.

1. Install Phinx

First use Composer to install Phinx in the project directory:

composer require robmorgan/phinx

2. Configure Phinx

In ThinkPHP6, Phinx configuration is in the config/phinx.php file. The default configuration file can be generated through the command line tool:

vendor/bin/phinx init

After execution, the phinx.php file will be generated in the config directory. We need to configure the database connection information and directory structure and other information.

For example, configure database connection information:

return [
    'paths' => [
        'migrations' => '%%PHINX_CONFIG_DIR%%/db/migrations',
        'seeds' => '%%PHINX_CONFIG_DIR%%/db/seeds'
    ],
    'environments' => [
        'default_database' => 'development',
        'development' => [
            'adapter' => 'mysql',
            'host' => '127.0.0.1',
            'name' => 'thinkphp6',
            'user' => 'root',
            'pass' => '123456',
            'charset' => 'utf8',
        ]
    ]
];

3. Create database migration

In ThinkPHP6, Phinx database migrations are stored in the database/migrations directory . We can use the following command to create a new migration:

vendor/bin/phinx create MyNewMigration

After executing this command, a new migration file will be created in the database/migrations directory.

In Phinx, migration is divided into two types: migration and rollback. A migration contains changes to the database, a rollback performs the opposite of a migration.

For example, we need to create a users table:

use PhinxMigrationAbstractMigration;

class CreateUsersTable extends AbstractMigration
{
    /**
     * Change Method.
     *
     * More information on this method is available here:
     * http://docs.phinx.org/en/latest/migrations.html#the-change-method
     */
    public function change()
    {
        $table = $this->table('users');
        $table->addColumn('username', 'string', ['limit' => 50])
              ->addColumn('email', 'string', ['limit' => 100])
              ->addColumn('password', 'string', ['limit' => 255])
              ->addColumn('created_at', 'datetime')
              ->addColumn('updated_at', 'datetime')
              ->create();
    }
}

In the change() method, use the $table variable to build the table structure, and use the addColumn() method to specify data types for different columns. and restrictions. Finally, the create() method is called to create the table structure into the database.

4. Perform database migration

We can use the following command to perform migration:

vendor/bin/phinx migrate

Phinx will execute the changes in the order in which the migration is created. If all migrations are executed successfully, Phinx will create a table named phinxlog in the database to record the migration history.

Note: Performing migration will make changes to the database, please make sure to back up the data to prevent data loss or irrecoverability.

5. Rollback database migration

If an error occurs or changes need to be rolled back, you can use the following command to roll back the last migration:

vendor/bin/phinx rollback

Phinx will Rollback the last successfully executed migration, if one exists. Phinx will write information to the phinxlog table after rolling back the migration.

6. Summary

The above is the process of using Phinx for database migration in ThinkPHP6. Using Phinx can reduce the complexity and risk of handwritten SQL, making the database migration process easier and more controllable.

During the migration process, we can use Phinx's advanced features, such as data filling, data verification, and support for multiple databases. These features can greatly improve application maintainability and performance.

In actual development, we recommend database migration and management as part of team development to ensure the consistency and reliability of the data structure.

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