Debian 12 released: Linux kernel upgrade 6.1

News on June 11, Debian is one of the oldest GNU/Linux distributions and is the basis for many other Linux-based operating systems, including Ubuntu, Kali, MX, and Raspberry Pi OS. The operating system focuses on stability rather than pursuing cool features, so it generally takes a long time to release new versions. After nearly 20 months of development, the Debian 12 "bookworm" is finally released today.

Debian 12 brings thousands of new and updated software packages, supporting multiple desktop environments and processor architectures (including 32-bit and 64-bit PC, ARM , MIPS and PowerPC). But one of the biggest changes is the upgrade of the Linux kernel from version 5.10 to version 6.1 LTS (with updated drivers, support for new hardware, and long-term support until at least December 2026).

Another big change is the new non-free firmware repository, which makes it easier to install Debian on some systems that may not be fully compatible with only free and open source firmware, without having to provide two different ISO image file. Starting with Debian 12, ISO files contain free and non-free firmware by default. Users using non-free firmware and upgrading from Debian 11 should add the new non-free firmware repository to their APT source list.

Some other changes include the reintroduction of secure boot on ARM64 systems, support for reading and writing APFS files (IT Home Note: Apple File System), new artwork, and new versions of desktop environments, including Gnome 43, KDE Plasma 5.27, LXDE 11, LXQt 1.2.0, MATE 1.26 and Xfce 4.18.

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