Laravel Development: How to send notifications using Laravel Notification?

Laravel is a widely used PHP web application framework that provides a modern, elegant, and feature-rich syntax for building web applications. The Laravel framework provides a wide range of tools and functionality, including sending notifications. Notifications are technologies that send visual or voice messages to users or other systems. Notifications can be simple warnings or complex instructions, and they can be asynchronous so they can be used during long-running operations.

In this article, we will learn how to use Laravel Notification to send notifications. We'll also look at notification types, events, and channels. Our goal is to create a simple web application that uses Laravel notifications to send notifications and understand their different types.

Prerequisites

Before entering the content of this article, we need to ensure that the following requirements are met:

1. You have installed Laravel locally or on the server.
2. You are already familiar with the Laravel framework and understand how to create controllers, routes, and views.
3. You have installed the database (MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc.) and set it up in the Laravel settings file.
4. You have set up the email related configuration (this is required for some notification types).

Laravel Notifications

Laravel Notifications is a powerful class to simplify handling notifications. Notifications can be sent to multiple channels, including email, SMS, Mail, and instant messaging apps like Slack. With Laravel Notifications, you can create notifications with a specified channel and quickly send them to users. Notifications can be processed asynchronously to avoid delays in starting to send notifications.

Laravel Notifications basically have the following two parts:

1. The message itself: the message body used to declare and define notifications in the application.
2. Channel: used to send and process different types of notification messages.

Most developers usually define the notification type as a model method within the application so that the method is called when a notification needs to be sent.

Creating notifications in Laravel

Laravel's notifications are basically simple PHP classes that inherit the framework's IlluminateNotificationsNotification base class. Each notification can be sent through multiple channels, including email, Slack, and custom webhooks.

To use notifications, define notification classes in your application. The notification class represents the rich text message (message body) of the notification, which is created as a message instance before the notification message is sent to the channel. Next, send this notification over a different channel for processing.

For example, we can create a message notification that reminds users that their subscription is about to expire. To send this notification, we can create a new notification class in the Lavarel application, such as:

php artisan make:notification SubscriptionEnding

Send email via notification

Now that we have created a SubscriptionEnding notification, next we This notification can be sent via email.

You need to configure Laravel's Mail system in order to send emails. You can use Artisan to ensure that your SMTP/IMAP settings are correct to use mail services in your application.

php artisan config:cache

Now that we have configured the email-related settings, we need to implement the toMail() method in the notification class. We write the email template in this method:

class SubscriptionEnding extends Notification
{
    use Queueable;

    public function __construct($data)
    {
        $this->data = $data;
    }
  
    public function via($notifiable)
    {
        return ['mail'];
    }
    
    public function toMail($notifiable)
    {
        return (new MailMessage)
                    ->line('Hi ' . $this->data['name'] . ', your subscription is about to end in ' . $this->data['days'] . ' days. Please log in to your account and renew your subscription to continue using our services.')
                    ->action('Renew Subscription', url('/subscription'))
                    ->line('Thank you for using our service.');
    }
  
    public function toArray($notifiable)
    {
        return [
            //
        ];
    }
}

If we need to To define an email template, you can use Laravel's email view to write your own HTML/CSS template:

public function toMail($notifiable)
{
    return (new MailMessage)->markdown('emails.subscription-ending', [
        'name' => $this->data['name'],
        'days' => $this->data['days']
    ]);
}

The last step is to send our notification to a user, for example:

$user = User::find(1)->notify(new SubscriptionEnding(['name' => 'John Doe', 'days' => 5]));

us Successfully sent an email notification when a subscription is about to expire. By following these steps, you can easily create customized notifications, write custom channels and messages for them, and send emails, text messages, and other notifications through them.

Using notifications on route model binding

Route model binding is one of the very powerful features in Laravel models. The so-called route binding allows Laravel to automatically find other bindings that match the model and automatically inject it into the controller method.

In Laravel, the binding of calling model instances to routes is called "routing model binding". In most cases, we use a specific identifier in routing to find, retrieve, and get objects. However, in route model binding, Laravel will automatically load the model into the route's parameters.

Laravel Notifications can also use routing model binding. This is a simple example that demonstrates using Notification on routing model binding.

We can quickly create sample controllers and routes using Artisan static commands:

php artisan make:controller UserController --resource --no-model

Define the context in the model:

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    public function routeNotificationForMail()
    {
        return $this->email;
    }
}

Next, we need to define it in the routing file , for example, we place the route in the routes/web.php file:

Route::get('users/{user}', 'UserController@show');

Implement Notification in the controller method:

class UserController extends Controller
{
    public function show(User $user)
    {
        $details = [
            'title' => '你好啊！',
            'body' => '感谢你使用我们的系统！'
        ];
  
        $user->notify(new AppNotificationsSimpleNotification($details));
  
        return view('users.show', ['user' => $user]);
    }
}

This will send a notification to the user, and the notification should include a title and text.

Conclusion

Laravel Notification is an effective way to add notification functionality to your web application. With Laravel's powerful system, we can easily define and handle notifications and use a variety of different channels to send notifications. In this article, we have learned how to use Laravel Notification to send notifications including email, SMS, mail, and Slack. We also explored other features of Laravel Notification, including notification types, events, and channels.

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