Multiple backup solutions for MySql: How to efficiently create and restore MySQL backups

MySql is a commonly used relational database management system that is widely used in various business and application scenarios. For MySQL backup issues, the selection and execution method of the backup plan are crucial. In this article, we will introduce various backup options and how to create and restore MySQL backups efficiently.

1. Selection of backup plan

In the process of selecting a MySQL backup plan, you should choose a backup plan that suits you based on the business scenario and actual situation.

1. Cold backup

The so-called cold backup is to back up the MySQL database when it completely stops running. Typically, cold backup requires the use of physical backup methods. The physical backup method refers to directly copying the data files and log files of the MySQL database to another location as a backup. The advantage of this backup method is that the backup speed is fast and the data restoration speed is also fast, but it needs to stop the MySQL database from running, which will have a certain impact on the business.

2. Hot backup

Compared with cold backup, hot backup does not need to stop the MySQL database from running and can back up the running MySQL database in real time. Hot backup uses the logical backup method, which is to export all data of the MySQL database into executable SQL files for backup. The advantage of this backup method is that the backup process will not affect the business, but the backup speed is slow and the data restoration speed is also slow.

3. Hybrid backup

Hybrid backup is a backup solution that combines cold backup and hot backup. When the business volume is large, you can use cold backup to completely stop the MySQL database from running, and then use hot backup to back up the running MySQL database. This backup method can not only quickly back up data, but also ensure real-time backup.

2. Backup Method

For MySQL backup, there are many backup methods to choose from, each backup method has its advantages and disadvantages. The following are commonly used backup methods.

1. mysqldump command backup

The mysqldump command is MySQL’s own backup tool, which can export the data of the MySQL database into an executable SQL file. The mysqldump backup method is suitable for small, low-load MySQL databases, and the backup speed is relatively fast. But for large, high-load MySQL databases, the backup speed will be very slow, and the exported SQL files will also be large. Backup can be performed through the following command:

mysqldump -h DB_HOST -u DB_USER -p DB_NAME > /path/to/backup.sql

2. Using MySQL’s binary log backup

MySQL’s binary log backup method is also called the incremental backup method. Through this backup method, the MySQL database can be backed up once a day, and only the data changed on that day will be backed up, thereby achieving efficient backup. However, it should be noted that this backup method requires appropriate hardware configuration and network environment, otherwise the backup speed will be very slow.

3. Use tools to back up

Commonly used tools for backing up MySQL databases include Percona XtraBackup and Mydumper. These tools have fast backup and restore speeds, and can support incremental backups and full backups, making them very convenient and practical.

3. Backup and Restoration

After the backup is completed, restoring the backup is also an indispensable part of the backup process. Here's how to restore your backup.

1. mysqldump command recovery

For the MySQL database backed up using the mysqldump command, you can restore it with the following command:

mysql -u DB_USER -p DB_NAME < /path/to/backup.sql

2. Using MySQL Binary log recovery

MySQL's binary log method restores the backup and requires the following operations:

a. Return the MySQL database to the state at the time of backup and delete all records after a certain point in time. Data;

b. Use the mysqlbinlog command to import the backup file and restore all the data in the backup file to the deleted MySQL database.

# 删除一个时间点之后的所有数据
mysqlbinlog --stop-datetime="YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS" /path/to/mysql-bin.XXXXXX | mysql -u DB_USER -p DB_NAME

# 还原备份文件的所有数据
mysqlbinlog /path/to/mysql-bin.XXXXXX | mysql -u DB_USER -p DB_NAME

3. Use tools to restore

It is generally relatively simple to restore a MySQL database through tools. You only need to provide the correct backup file. For example, using Percona XtraBackup for MySQL backup, you can restore it through the following command:

innobackupex --apply-log /path/to/backupdir/

IV. Summary

MySQL backup and recovery is a very important link in database management. Through a variety of backup solutions and The choice of backup method can ensure the security and continuity of data. During the backup process, appropriate hardware configuration and network environment are also very important. Therefore, when selecting a backup plan and performing backup operations, you need to pay attention to the reliability and efficiency of backup to ensure the smooth completion of backup and restore.

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