MySql data slicing: How to implement MySQL horizontal and vertical slicing

With the development of the Internet and big data, the amount of data in applications is also increasing, which makes applications require more efficient database management. In order to ensure the operating efficiency of applications, database management systems inevitably involve data slicing operations. The MySQL database management system is no exception.

In the MySQL database management system, two methods are often used to slice data, namely horizontal slicing and vertical slicing. This article will discuss the implementation of the two slicing methods in order to provide you with some practical database management skills.

1. Horizontal slicing

Horizontal slicing refers to dividing the data into multiple data subsets according to a certain dimension, and dispersing the data blocks on multiple data nodes, thereby Improve data parallel processing capabilities. In the MySQL database, the implementation methods of horizontal slicing are as follows:

1.1 Based on table partitioning

The table partitioning method refers to dividing a large table into multiple small tables (called Partition), each partition has an independent storage node, and data from different partitions can be processed in parallel. In MySQL, table partitioning operations can be implemented using the CREATE TABLE statement. First, you need to set the partition key of the partition, and set the partition key when creating the data table. For example:

CREATE TABLE tablename (
column1 data type,
column2 data type,
…
)
PARTITION BY RANGE(column1)(
PARTITION part1 VALUES LESS THAN (10),
PARTITION part2 VALUES LESS THAN (20),
PARTITION part3 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE)
);

In the above statement, the table is divided into three partitions by limiting the value range of column1, namely part1, part2 and part3. In practical applications, in addition to RANGE mode, other partitioning modes such as HASH mode can be used.

1.2 Based on database sharding

Database sharding refers to splitting a large database into multiple small databases, each small database stores the data of a specific user or a specific business system. . In MySQL, database sharding can be implemented using third-party tools such as MySQL Proxy, Shard-Query, and MySQL Fabric.

2. Vertical slicing

Vertical slicing refers to dividing a large table (or large database) according to columns. Each part contains one or more columns, different Columns of a subset of data can be stored on different data nodes. In the MySQL database, there are two ways to implement vertical slicing:

2.1 View-based implementation

Use the view method to split a large table according to columns. The table contains only the required columns, which improves query efficiency. For example, if the original table contains columns such as column1, column2, column3, and column4, and you only need to query the data of column1 and column2, you can create a view that only contains the data of column1 and column2:

CREATE VIEW viewname AS 
SELECT column1, column2 
FROM tablename;

2.2 Implementation based on horizontal splitting

The method based on horizontal splitting is mainly to split multiple columns in a large table into different tables, and each table only contains a part of the column data. In MySQL, this method can be achieved using the CREATE TABLE statement. For example, if the original table contains two columns of data, column1 and column2, if you need to improve query efficiency, you can split it into two tables, table1 and table2, to store the column1 and column2 columns respectively:

CREATE TABLE table1 (
id INT unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
…
column1 type1,
…
PRIMARY KEY (id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

CREATE TABLE table2 (
id INT unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
…
column2 type2,
...
PRIMARY KEY (id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

In summary As mentioned above, both the horizontal and vertical slicing methods in the MySQL database management system have their own characteristics and advantages. In actual applications, it is necessary to comprehensively consider which slicing method to choose based on specific business needs. No matter which method is used, we need to consider issues such as data security, consistency, and confidentiality. At the same time, we also need to continuously optimize the performance of the database and improve the efficiency of the application to ensure smooth and efficient data management.

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