MySql data migration: how to migrate data safely and efficiently

With the continuous development of emerging technologies such as cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence, data migration is becoming more and more common. For some developers, you may encounter a situation similar to migrating from a MySql database to another MySql database. Although MySQL itself provides some tools and methods for data migration, in actual operation, developers still need to use some skills and methods to ensure the safety and efficiency of data migration.

This article will share some experiences and techniques about MySql data migration to help developers better complete data migration.

1. Data backup

Before data migration, we need to back up the original data. This is important because data backup ensures data integrity and availability in the event of unexpected events. In the process of backing up data, you can use MySQL's own backup tool mysqldump or third-party tools such as Percona XtraBackup. After the backup is completed, we need to test the integrity of the backup data and store the backup data in a safe and reliable location.

2. Select migration method

MySql provides a variety of data migration methods, including physical backup, logical backup, etc. When choosing a specific migration method, developers need to choose the most appropriate method based on their own needs and actual conditions.

Physical backup: Backup and restore by copying physical data files. The operation is simple and fast. It is suitable for scenarios with large amounts of data. However, the compatibility and portability of physical backups are relatively poor.

Logical backup: Backing up and restoring the database in a logical manner can ensure the adaptability and portability of the data, and is suitable for scenarios with small and medium-sized data volumes. Compared with physical backup, logical backup is slower.

When choosing a migration method, you need to weigh and choose based on the actual situation. For scenarios with a large amount of data, you can choose the physical backup method, and you can consider using multi-threading to improve the backup speed; for scenarios with a small to medium amount of data, you can choose a logical backup method for data migration.

3. Data migration and recovery

When performing data migration, it is necessary to ensure the integrity and consistency of the original data, as well as the integrity and consistency of the data after migration. Correctness. The specific data migration and recovery steps are as follows:

3.1 Stop the database writing operation

During the process of data backup and migration, you need to stop the writing operation to the original database. You can use the following command to stop the database writing operation:

SET GLOBAL read_only=1;

3.2 Back up the data file

Choose a suitable backup tool to back up the data file, and select the backup method according to your needs. After the backup is completed, the data files need to be verified to ensure the integrity and correctness of the backup data.

3.3 Import backup data into the target database

When performing data recovery, the backup data needs to be imported into the target database. You can use the following command to import data:

mysql -uroot -pXXX target_database < backup_file.sql

Among them, -uroot means to log in as the root user, -pXXX means the root user's password, target_database means the target database name, and backup_file.sql means the backup data file name.

3.4 Restoring the database writing operation

After successfully importing the backup data into the target database, the writing operation of the database needs to be enabled. You can use the following command to start the database write operation:

SET GLOBAL read_only=0;

4. Testing after data migration

After completing the data migration, necessary tests need to be performed to ensure that the data is migrated correctness and usability. Specific test content may include:

• Testing of data query operations
• Database performance testing
• Testing of data warehousing operations
• Data export Testing of operations

5. How to avoid problems during data migration

In the actual data migration operation, various problems may occur, Including: inconsistent data, slow migration speed, unstable network connection, etc. In order to avoid these problems, we can take the following measures:

• Perform integrity verification when backing up data
• Choose an appropriate migration method and weigh speed and adaptability
• Avoid a large number of IO operations and CPU resource consumption during the migration process
• Perform necessary data testing and verification
• When the network connection is unstable, you can choose to use the data migration tool Bandwagon Or Alibaba Cloud Data Transfer Service, etc.

The above are some matters and techniques that need to be paid attention to when migrating MySql data. In addition, in order to ensure the success and stability of data migration, we can conduct detailed planning and preparation before data migration, formulate a clear data migration plan, conduct detailed data migration testing, and make adjustments and optimizations at any time according to the actual situation.

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