As database applications become more and more complex, improving MySQL performance has become one of the more and more important tasks. In MySQL performance optimization, operating system optimization is one of the factors that cannot be ignored. Optimization of the operating system can help MySQL make better use of hardware resources and improve system stability and performance. In this article, we will explore how to optimize the operating system to improve MySQL performance.
1. Adjusting kernel parameters
Adjusting kernel parameters is one of the basic methods of operating system optimization. The following are some important kernel parameter settings:
It is an important task to properly allocate the maximum memory of the operating system and the available memory of MySQL. Normally, the operating system needs to allocate a certain amount of memory to handle system resources such as file systems, networks, and IO. In Linux, kernel parameters can be set via sysctl. The following are several important parameter setting suggestions:
vm.swappiness
Indicates the kernel's preference for using mechanisms such as swapping or page cleaning before choosing when to bring pages into memory. . The value of this parameter ranges from 0 to 100. If set to 0, it means to use the swap area as little as possible, and 100 means to use the swap area as much as possible. It is recommended to set this parameter to 10-20 to better utilize available memory resources.
vm.overcommit_memory
Indicates whether to enable virtual memory. Generally, this parameter can be set to 0, indicating that virtual memory is not enabled.
vm.max_map_count
indicates the maximum number of mapping areas. The specific value is limited by the memory size and file. It is recommended to set the value to 262144.
In the Linux system, the IO scheduling algorithm is the key factor in determining how to allocate time slices. You can set options to adjust the read and write time policies to better meet the needs of your application. For example, on the main database server, setting the IO scheduling algorithm to noop can significantly reduce CPU time and memory overhead when IO pressure is high.
2. Optimize the file system
In addition to adjusting the kernel parameters, optimizing the file system can also help MySQL improve performance. Here are the recommendations:
EXT4 is the most commonly used file system on modern Linux systems. The support for Solid State Drive (SSD) is very good and is suitable for use as a file system for MySQL. When using an SSD, it is recommended to use the noatime option to write and read files quickly.
The file system cache is a mechanism used by the operating system to cache frequently used files and directories. It can be greatly improved in systems that store large amounts of data. Improve performance. File system cache usage can be adjusted by setting parameters. It is recommended to set 'vm.zone_reclaim_mode' = '0' to turn off the memory recycling mechanism and improve data caching efficiency.
3. Network optimization
Optimizing the network is also an important factor in improving MySQL performance. The following are some suggestions:
In high-concurrency, high-throughput systems, optimizing TCP parameters can significantly improve system performance. Here are suggestions:
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse=1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 15
net.core.somaxconn = 32768
Setting the above parameters can effectively improve the TCP connection capability of the operating system.
In a high-performance system, use multiple network adapters as much as possible to connect the MySQL server to a fast storage area network (SAN) ) or Fiber Channel (FC) alignment. In addition, placing network adapters and storage adapters on different buses can further improve performance.
4. Conclusion
This article introduces some methods to optimize the operating system to improve MySQL performance. Adjusting kernel parameters, optimizing file systems, and network optimization can significantly improve MySQL performance. However, it should be noted that the optimization of the operating system needs to be based on specific practices and requires an in-depth understanding of MySQL's operating status and hardware settings.
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