Develop real-time synchronized web applications using Python and Vue.js

With the popularity of Web applications and the continuous improvement of user experience requirements, real-time synchronization has become an indispensable function of modern Web applications. In this article, we will introduce how to develop a real-time synchronous web application using Python and Vue.js.

In order to achieve real-time synchronization, we need to use some modern Web technologies, including WebSocket, asynchronous programming and front-end frameworks. The following is the technology stack that will be used in this article:

• Python 3.6
• Flask
• Flask-SocketIO
• gevent
• Vue.js 2.0
• Vuex
• Socket.IO-client

Let’s step by step introduce how to use these technologies to implement a real-time synchronization Web application.

1. Create a Flask application

First, we need to create a Flask application. We can use Python's pip package manager to install Flask:

pip install flask

Then, create an app.py file with the following content:

from flask import Flask, render_template
from flask_socketio import SocketIO, emit

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'secret!'
socketio = SocketIO(app)

@app.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('index.html')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    socketio.run(app)

This code creates a Flask application and A template named index.html is rendered on the root path. We will create this template later. In addition, we also started a WebSocket server so that we can use it later to implement real-time synchronization.

2. Creating a Vue.js application

Next, we need to create a Vue.js application. We can use Vue's CLI tool to quickly create a Vue.js application. The command is as follows:

npm install -g @vue/cli
vue create client

This will create a Vue.js application named client. Go into the application directory and install the necessary dependencies:

cd client
npm install vue-socket.io vue-socket.io-extended socket.io-client vuex --save

Then we need to do some configuration of the application. Open src/main.js and use the following code:

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import VueSocketIO from 'vue-socket.io-extended'
import io from 'socket.io-client'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
import {store} from './store/store'

Vue.use(Vuex)

const socket = io(`${window.location.hostname}:5000`)

Vue.use(VueSocketIO, socket, {store})

Vue.config.productionTip = false

new Vue({
  render: h => h(App),
  store
}).$mount('#app')

In the code we have imported some necessary modules and created a socket instance so that we can connect to the WebSocket server in the Flask application.

3. Create Vuex store

We use Vuex to manage the state of the application. Therefore, we need to create a store folder and create a store.js file in it, using the following code:

import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'

Vue.use(Vuex)

export const store = new Vuex.Store({
  state: {
    message: ''
  },
  mutations: {
    SET_MESSAGE(state, payload) {
      state.message = payload
    }
  }
})

This store contains a message field in the state, and there is a mutation for setting that field.

4. Create Vue component

Now we can create a Vue component to display message status and achieve real-time synchronization. We will use the socket's emit and on methods on the component to implement real-time synchronization. Open the App.vue file and use the following code:

<template>
  <div class="container">
    <h1>{{ message }}</h1>
    <input v-model="input" type="text">
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: 'app',
  data() {
    return {
      input: ''
    }
  },
  computed: {
    message() {
      return this.$store.state.message
    }
  },
  methods: {
    sendMessage() {
      this.$socket.emit('message', this.input)
    }
  },
  sockets: {
    message(payload) {
      this.$store.commit('SET_MESSAGE', payload)
    }
  }
}
</script>

<style>
.container {
  margin: 100px auto;
  text-align: center;
}
</style>

Notice that we use the socket’s emit and on methods in the Vue component. The emit method is used to send messages to the server, while the on method is used to receive messages sent from the server and execute the specified callback.

5. Create index.html template

We also need to create an index.html template to provide an entry point for the Flask application. Open templates/index.html and use The following code:

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Vue Socket.IO Application</title>
</head>
<body>
  <div id="app"></div>
  <script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='js/app.js') }}"></script>
</body>
</html>

This template contains the entry point for Vue and provides a DOM element for the Vue application to render content. Note that the template also includes a static file URL that will be referenced by the Flask application and serves the Vue application's scripts.

6. Run the application

Now that we have all the settings for the application, we can start it using the following command:

python app.py

Then in Open http://localhost:5000 in the browser. You will see an input box on the page where you can enter some text. Not only that, when you switch to another browser and enter text into the input box, you will find that the text you just entered is also synchronized here!

In this way, we have successfully implemented a Python and A real-time synchronized web application for Vue.js. This model has many application scenarios, such as online chat applications or multi-person collaboration applications.

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