Common security vulnerabilities in Python web development

As Python is increasingly widely used in web development, its security issues have gradually attracted people's attention. This article will discuss common security vulnerabilities in Python web development, aiming to improve Python developers' security awareness and understanding and prevention of security vulnerabilities.

1. Cross-site scripting attack (XSS attack)

Cross-site scripting attack is a common web security vulnerability. Attackers obtain malicious scripts by injecting malicious scripts into web pages. users’ sensitive information or perform malicious operations. In Python web development, there are two main forms of XSS attacks: reflection and storage.

Reflected XSS attack means that malicious script is injected into the URL parameters. When the user clicks on the link containing the malicious script, the browser will execute the script to achieve the purpose of the attack. Stored XSS attacks store malicious scripts in server-side databases and dynamically return them when users request related pages, thereby achieving the attack.

In order to prevent XSS attacks, Python developers can take the following measures:

• Filter the input data to remove HTML tags and JavaScript scripts;
• Filter the output data Encode to prevent malicious script injection;
• Use the Content-Security-Policy (CSP) directive in the HTTP header to limit the source of executable scripts in the page.

2. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF attack)

Cross-site request forgery means that the attacker constructs malicious requests to deceive users into logging in Perform operations to achieve the purpose of attack. In Python web development, methods to prevent CSRF attacks mainly include:

• Use CSRF tokens to verify all non-GET requests;
• Prohibit automatic website login;
• Do not use cookies to store sensitive information, use Session instead;
• Verify the source of the request to limit the scope of CSRF attacks.

3. SQL injection attack

SQL injection attack refers to the behavior of an attacker tampering with the data in the database or obtaining sensitive information by constructing malicious SQL statements. In Python web development, methods to prevent SQL injection attacks mainly include:

• Verify and filter all user input data;
• Do not use the method of splicing SQL statements, but Use parameterized queries;
• Do not expose sensitive information such as SQL statements, database passwords, etc. in the code.

4. File upload vulnerability

File upload vulnerability means that an attacker can upload malicious files to execute malicious code or tamper with files on the server. In Python web development, methods to prevent file upload vulnerabilities mainly include:

• Verify the type, size, name and other information of the uploaded file;
• Do not store uploaded files in Under the Web directory;
• Detect and filter uploaded files to prevent the uploading of malicious files.

Overall, there are various security vulnerabilities in Python web development, and with the continuous development of Internet technology, new vulnerabilities continue to emerge. Python developers need to continuously improve their security awareness and take corresponding preventive measures to effectively deal with various security threats.

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