How to use JWT and JWE for API authentication and encryption in PHP

With the development of the Internet, more and more websites and applications need to provide API interfaces for data interaction. In this case, API authentication and encryption become very important issues. As a popular authentication and encryption mechanism, JWT and JWE are increasingly used in PHP. Well, this article will explain how to use JWT and JWE for API authentication and encryption in PHP.

1. Basic Concepts of JWT

JWT stands for JSON Web Token and is a compact, self-contained mechanism for securely transmitting information between two parties. It is composed of three parts: header, payload and signature. The header contains token type and algorithm information, the payload contains the data that needs to be transmitted, and the signature is used to verify the authenticity of the data.

The following is an example of a JWT:

eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiaWF0IjoxNTE2MjM5MDIyfQ.SflKxwRJSMeKK F2QT4fwpMeJf36POk6yJV_adQssw5c

The header is {"alg": "HS256", "typ": "JWT "}, the payload is {"sub": "1234567890", "name": "John Doe", "iat": 1516239022}, and the signature is SflKxwRJSMeKKF2QT4fwpMeJf36POk6yJV_adQssw5c.

2. Using JWT in PHP for API authentication

Using JWT for authentication in PHP requires the use of a JWT library, such as PHP-JWT. The specific steps are as follows:

(1) Download and install the PHP-JWT library. Can be installed via composer.

(2) Use the following code to encode and decode:

// Encode JWT
$jwt = JWT::encode($payload, $key);

//Decode JWT
$decoded = JWT::decode($jwt, $key, array('HS256'));

Among them, $payload is the data that needs to be transmitted, and $key is the signature The key can be set as needed.

(3) Authentication in API

The basic idea of ​​using JWT for authentication in API is: after the user successfully logs in, the server will generate a JWT, and then send the JWT Sent to the user, the user needs to bring the JWT when accessing the API. The server decodes and verifies the JWT when receiving the request to determine whether the user's identity is legal.

3. Basic concepts of JWE

JWE stands for JSON Web Encryption and is a mechanism for encrypting and protecting data. It is also composed of three parts: header, encrypted content and encryption key. The header contains information about the encryption algorithm and key management method. The encrypted content contains the data that needs to be encrypted. The encryption key is used to decrypt the data.

The following is an example of JWE:

eyJhbGciOiJSU0EtT0FFUCIsImVuYyI6IkEyNTZHQ00iLCJraWQiOiIxMjM0NSIsImlzcyI6InNvbWVDbGllbnQiLCJjcml0IjpbImI2NCJdLCJzdWIiOiIxMjM 0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiaWF0IjoxNTE2MjM5MDIyfQ.gXA0McEJXO_ejzOqzUwy_sx14ISFH7ksjwSYZdarlMQRzgb-gMQapghrpyv6grXBTJZbOQxBBzNU8w0WLwZijlNQ6QVY_ wVQW8cm-W-IM9-rwqw4z6c17LUwJdd_0d9PuX_AhJIu5FKkeqMqYfZXMrE4IlO-9XxWA6sv_aWUjc5QifAAOfQCFx9ICpJ-s1iCZKc8R44vhPdujfA7Pj8bhEsuYUxj04b1g_JqZYlOB 04yu9wW8Hu76IlLvAhL19VE4FYsOa9cuXQc4kzbd4x-vylbMnSFzVDqt5PNZPd0-CQq7UZmI_i9tlxK-BW9XWauqQaN6UOsNwcl66uV9TxWg.AxY8DCtDaGlsbGljb3RoZQ.SflKxwRJS MeKKF2QT4fwpMeJf36POk6yJV_adQssw5c

Among them, the header is {"alg": "RSA-OAEP", "enc": "A256GCM", "kid": "12345", "iss": "someClient", "crt": ["b64"]} , the encrypted content is {"sub": "1234567890", "name": "John Doe", "iat": 1516239022}, and the encryption key is AxY8DCtDaGlsbGljb3RoZQ.

4. Using JWE in PHP for API encryption

Using JWE for encryption in PHP requires a JWE library, such as php-jose. The specific steps are as follows:

(1) Download and install the php-jose library. Can be installed via composer.

(2) Use the following code to encode and decode:

// Encode JWE
$jwe = (new JWE())

->setPayload($data)
->addRecipient(new JWK($key))
->setAlgorithm('RSA-OAEP')
->setEncryptionAlgorithm('A256GCM')
->addHeader('kid', '12345');

$compact_jwe = $ jwe->toCompactJSON();

// Decode JWE
$jwe = JWE::loadFromCompact($compact_jwe);
$jwk = new JWK($key);
$ plaintext = $jwe->decrypt($jwk);

Among them, $data is the data that needs to be encrypted, and $key is the encryption key, which can be set as needed.

(3) Encryption in API

The basic idea of ​​using JWE for encryption in API is: when the server generates an API response, it encrypts the response data using JWE, and then encrypts it. The final data is sent to the client, and the client decrypts it after receiving the response.

5. Summary

This article explains how to use JWT and JWE for API authentication and encryption in PHP. Using JWT can ensure the identity legitimacy and data integrity of API requests, and using JWE can ensure the confidentiality of API response data. In actual projects, appropriate authentication and encryption mechanisms can be selected according to needs.

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