Debugging techniques and tools in Linux systems

In the process of developing and debugging Linux, we often encounter various problems, such as program crashes, low performance, memory leaks, etc. At this time, debugging is particularly important. Debugging skills and tools can help developers quickly locate problems and solve them quickly. In this article, we will introduce some commonly used Linux debugging techniques and tools to help readers better deal with various debugging issues in Linux systems.

1. Using the gdb debugger

gdb is the abbreviation of GNU debugger and is one of the most commonly used debugging tools in Linux systems. By using gdb, developers can step through the program, debug breakpoints, observe expressions, view variables, and close exceptions.

For example, to debug a program named test, you can enter the following command on the command line to start gdb:

gdb ./test

Then, you can use commands such as break, run, next, etc. to control program execution and debugging. For detailed commands, please refer to the gdb documentation or enter the help command to view.

2. Use the strace tool

strace can be used to monitor the system calls and signals of the program. Through strace, you can view the files, networks, processes and other information involved when the program is started, as well as the system calls when the program is executed. This information is very useful for analyzing and solving problems.

For example, to monitor the system calls of a program named test enter the following command:

strace ./test

This way you can see the system calls involved in program execution.

3. Use the valgrind tool

valgrind is a memory debugging tool that can detect memory leaks, illegal access, array out-of-bounds access and other issues. Valgrind can also detect thread synchronization, locking and other issues.

You can use valgrind to detect memory problems in the program through the following command:

valgrind --leak-check=full ./test

In this way, you can detect memory problems in the test program. valgrind has many other options, you can refer to its documentation for more information.

4. Use the perf tool

perf is a performance debugging tool in the Linux system, which can be used to detect program performance problems, such as CPU usage and memory usage. , hot spot analysis, etc.

For example, to detect performance problems in a program named test, you can enter the following command:

perf record ./test
perf report

Perf record can collect performance information, and perf report can display performance reports.

5. Use the tcpdump tool

tcpdump is a network debugging tool that can capture and analyze data packets in the network and is very useful for network debugging.

For example, to monitor the packets of the network card named eth0 in the network, you can use the following command:

tcpdump -i eth0

This way you can capture the packets in the network card and analyze them.

Summary

There are many commonly used debugging techniques and tools in Linux systems, such as gdb, strace, valgrind, perf, tcpdump, etc. These tools can effectively diagnose and solve various problems quickly. Mastering these debugging skills and tools can improve the debugging efficiency and development quality of Linux developers.

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