Full text search using Solr in PHP

Solr is a Lucene-based search engine that can be used to implement full-text search. Using Solr in PHP for full-text search can help us quickly query relevant data through keywords and improve the accuracy and reliability of search results. This article will introduce how to use Solr in PHP for full-text search.

1. Installation and configuration of Solr

First, we need to install Solr and the Solr extension of PHP on the server. For Solr installation steps, please refer to Solr's official documentation. PHP's Solr extension can be installed using the following command:

sudo pecl install solr

After the installation is complete, you need to add the Solr extension to the PHP configuration file, for example on Ubuntu Edit the /etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini file and add the following content:

extension=solr.so

After saving and exiting the file, restart the Apache server to make the configuration take effect.

2. Create Solr index

After installing Solr and PHP’s Solr extension, we need to create a Solr index. A Solr index is a fast lookup table corresponding to all data in a database table, used to support full-text search. The steps to create a Solr index are as follows:

1. Create a new Solr core

sudo su - solr -c "/opt/solr/bin/solr create -c mycore"

"mycore" is a name similar to the index and can be defined by yourself. After successful creation, you can view it by visiting http://localhost:8983/solr/#/mycore.

2. Define index fields in Solr

In Solr, we need to define the fields required for the index. For example, if we want to search the title and body content of an article, we need to define the title and content fields respectively.

Can be defined in Solr's management interface: click the "Schema" button on the left, click "Add Field" under the "Fields" tab, fill in the Field name as "title", and the Field type as " text_cn" (text_cn is a Chinese analyzer of Solr), click the "Save" button to save.

Similarly, you can create a field named "content" with the type "text_cn".

3. Import data into the Solr index

After creating the Solr core and defining the index fields, we need to import the data in the database into the Solr index. This can be achieved by writing a PHP script.

The following is a sample code:

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "mydatabase";

//连接数据库
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

//检查连接是否成功
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die("连接失败: " . $conn->connect_error);
} 

//查询数据库中的数据
$sql = "SELECT id, title, content FROM articles";
$result = $conn->query($sql);

//创建Solr客户端
$options = array(
    'hostname' => 'localhost',
    'port'     => 8983,
    'path'     => '/solr/mycore'
);
$client = new SolrClient($options);

//将数据导入到Solr索引中
while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
    $doc = new SolrInputDocument();
    $doc->addField('id', $row['id']);
    $doc->addField('title', $row['title']);
    $doc->addField('content', $row['content']);
    $client->addDocument($doc);
}
$client->commit();
$client->optimize();
echo "Solr索引创建成功！";

//关闭数据库连接
$conn->close();
?>

In the above code, you need to replace $username, $password, $dbname, $options and mycore in the SolrClient() method with the corresponding values.

After executing this script, the Solr index will contain the data in the database, and related data can be searched by keywords.

3. Full-text search through Solr

After the index contains data, you can use Solr to perform full-text search. The search function can be implemented by communicating with the Solr server through a PHP application. The query language provided by Solr is Solr Query Language (SOLRQ). Query syntax is used to compare the requested data with the data indexed by Solr to identify which documents contain the required text.

The following is a simple search code example:

<?php
//创建Solr客户端
$options = array(
    'hostname' => 'localhost',
    'port'     => 8983,
    'path'     => '/solr/mycore'
);
$client = new SolrClient($options);

//查询数据
$query = 'title:关键词';
$query_response = $client->query($query);
$response = $query_response->getResponse();
$docs = $response['response']['docs'];
foreach ($docs as $doc) {
     echo $doc['title'] . "
";
}
?>

In the above code, you need to replace $options and mycore and "keywords" in $query with the corresponding values.

In the search syntax, title:keyword means searching for documents whose title contains "keyword". If you want to search for content, you can use the content: keyword form. You can also make more modification operations to the query, such as fuzzy query, range query, Boolean query, etc.

4. Summary

This article introduces the basic steps of how to use Solr in PHP for full-text search. First, import the data in the database into the Solr index by creating a Solr index, and then communicate with the Solr server through the PHP application to perform searches and other operations. In practical applications, there are more functional attributes and configuration options that need to be learned and used. I hope this article can be helpful to everyone!

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