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ThinkPHP之M方法实例详解_PHP

Jun 01, 2016 am 11:51 AM
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ThinkPHP

M方法用于实例化一个基础模型类,和D方法的区别在于:

1、不需要自定义模型类,减少IO加载,性能较好;
2、实例化后只能调用基础模型类(默认是Model类)中的方法;
3、可以在实例化的时候指定表前缀、数据库和数据库的连接信息;
D方法的强大则体现在你封装的自定义模型类有多强,不过随着新版ThinkPHP框架的基础模型类的功能越来越强大,M方法也比D方法越来越实用了。

M方法的调用格式:

M('[基础模型名:]模型名','数据表前缀','数据库连接信息')

我们来看下M方法具体有哪些用法:

1、实例化基础模型(Model) 类

在没有定义任何模型的时候,我们可以使用下面的方法实例化一个模型类来进行操作:

//实例化User模型
$User = M('User');
 //执行其他的数据操作
$User->select();

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这种方法最简单高效,因为不需要定义任何的模型类,所以支持跨项目调用。缺点也是因为没有自定义的模型类,因此无法写入相关的业务逻辑,只能完成基本的CURD操作。

$User = M('User');

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其实等效于:

$User = new Model('User');

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表示操作think_user表。M方法和D方法一样也有单例功能,多次调用并不会重复实例化。M方法的模型名参数在转换成数据表的时候会自动转换成小写,也就是说ThinkPHP的数据表命名规范是全小写的格式。

2、实例化其他公共模型类

第一种方式实例化因为没有模型类的定义,因此很难封装一些额外的逻辑方法,不过大多数情况下,也许只是需要扩展一些通用的逻辑,那么就可以尝试下面一种方法。

$User = M('CommonModel:User');

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改用法其实等效于:

$User = new CommonModel('User');

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因为系统的模型类都能够自动加载,因此我们不需要在实例化之前手动进行类库导入操作。模型类CommonModel必须继承Model。我们可以在CommonModel类里面定义一些通用的逻辑方法,就可以省去为每个数据表定义具体的模型类,如果你的项目已经有超过100个数据表了,而大多数情况都是一些基本的CURD操作的话,只是个别模型有一些复杂的业务逻辑需要封装,那么第一种方式和第二种方式的结合是一个不错的选择。

3、传入表前缀、数据库和其他信息

M方法有三个参数,第一个参数是模型名称(可以包括基础模型类和数据库),第二个参数用于设置数据表的前缀(留空则取当前项目配置的表前缀),第三个参数用于设置当前使用的数据库连接信息(留空则取当前项目配置的数据库连接信息),例如:

$User = M('db2.User','think_');

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表示实例化Model模型类,并操作db2数据库中的think_user表。
如果第二个参数留空或者不传,表示使用当前项目配置中的数据表前缀,如果操作的数据表没有表前缀,那么可以使用:

$User = M('db1.User',null);

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表示实例化Model模型类,并操作db1数据库中的user表。
如果你操作的数据库需要不同的用户账号,可以传入数据库的连接信息,例如:

$User = M('User','think_','mysql://user_a:1234@localhost:3306/thinkphp');

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表示基础模型类用Model,然后对think_user表进行操作,用user_a账号进行数据库连接,操作数据库是thinkphp。
第三个连接信息参数可以使用DSN配置或者数组配置,甚至可以支持配置参数。
例如,在项目配置文件中配置了:

'DB_CONFIG'=>'mysql://user_a:1234@localhost:3306/thinkphp';

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则可以使用:

$User = M('User','think_','DB_CONFIG');

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基础模型类和数据库可以一起使用,例如:

$User = M('CommonModel:db2.User','think_');

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如果要实例化分层模型的话,利用公共模型类的方式,我们可以使用:

M('UserLogic:User');

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来实例化UserLogic,虽然这样做的意义不大,因为可以用

D('User','Logic');

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实现同样的功能。

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