Using middleware to handle requests in ThinkPHP6

[Introduction]

ThinkPHP6 is a well-known PHP open source framework. It elegantly inherits the excellent features of the previous version and integrates the new features of PHP7, making it faster and more secure. In ThinkPHP6, middleware is a very important part, which allows developers to process before, during, and after the request to achieve more flexible and scalable applications.

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1. What is middleware?

Middleware refers to code that can be executed before and after the request reaches the application. The existence of middleware allows applications to be easily extended and managed.

In ThinkPHP6, middleware can implement the following functions:

1. Route pre-processing, such as: verify token, intercept illegal requests, etc.
2. Before the controller method Post-processing, such as: counting PV, UV; request parameter processing, etc.
3. Controller method post-processing, such as: caching response data, recording logs, etc.
4. Routing post-processing, such as: response Questions, etc.

2. Use of middleware

Using the middleware of ThinkPHP6 is very simple. You only need to configure the middleware in the configuration file and it can be executed in the specified order.

2.1 Registration of middleware

In the config/middleware.php file, you can see the following default middleware list:

<?php

return [
    // 别名或分组
    'alias'    => [],
    // 优先级设置，此数组中的中间件会按照优先级进行先后排序
    'priority' => [],
    // 中间件列表
    'middleware' => [
            hinkmiddlewareSessionInit::class,
            hinkmiddlewareAllowCrossDomain::class,
    ],
];

Among them, the first middleware is SessionInit middleware, the purpose is to initialize the session, the second middleware is AllowCrossDomain middleware, the purpose is to allow cross-domain requests. If you need to configure your own middleware, you can define your own middleware class and add it to the above configuration.

2.2 Sorting of middleware

Middleware in ThinkPHP6 can be sorted according to priority. The smaller the priority value, the higher the execution order. In the configuration file of the middleware, you can set the priority of the middleware for the specified group or alias, as shown below:

<?php

return [
    // 别名或分组
    'alias'    => [
        'home' => ppmiddlewareCheck::class,
    ],
    // 优先级设置，此数组中的中间件会按照优先级进行先后排序
    'priority' => [
        ppmiddlewareDemo::class => 1,
        ppmiddlewareTest::class => 2,
    ],
    // 中间件列表
    'middleware' => [
            hinkmiddlewareSessionInit::class,
            hinkmiddlewareAllowCrossDomain::class,
    ],
];

In the above configuration, set the demo middleware to priority 1, and the test middleware The file is set to priority level 2.

2.3 Use of middleware

In ThinkPHP6, middleware can be used for global routing or group routing, or for specified controllers or controller methods.

(1) Global routing uses middleware

In the route/route.php file in the application directory, you can register global routing, as shown below:

<?php

use thinkacadeRoute;

Route::get('hello/:name','index/hello')->middleware('Check');

In In the above code, a middleware named Check is added through middleware('Check'), which means that the Check middleware is executed before the index/hello method is executed.

(2) Group routing uses middleware

In the route/group.php file in the application directory, you can register group routing as follows:

<?php

use thinkacadeRoute;

//定义分组路由
Route::group('/api', function () {
    Route::get('/user/:id', 'api/user/read')->middleware('Check');
});

In In the above code, a group route named api is defined, in which the /user/:id route uses a middleware named Check.

(3) Using middleware at the controller level

In the controller file, method-level middleware can be defined through a specially named method, as shown below:

<?php
namespace appcontroller;

class Test
{
    // 方法级别
    public function read() 
    {
        return "Hello Word!";
    }

    // 方法级别
    public function write()
    {
        return "Hello China!";
    }

    // 控制器级别
    protected $middleware = [ppmiddlewareCheck::class];

    // 方法级别
    protected $middleware = [
        'read' => [ppmiddlewareReadCheck::class],
        'write' => [ppmiddlewareWriteCheck::class],
    ];
}

In the above code, the read and write methods use method-level middleware, and the Check middleware is controller-level middleware.

[Summary]

Middleware is a powerful tool that provides a very flexible request processing method, allowing us to process data before, during and after the request. In ThinkPHP6, using middleware is very simple. You only need to write middleware classes according to certain rules and configure them. It has great flexibility and scalability.

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