Views in the Yii framework: Implementing efficient web interfaces

王林

Release： 2023-06-21 13:22:36

Original

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Yii framework is a popular PHP framework that provides us with many convenient tools and components to speed up the development of our web applications. Among them, the view is a very important part of the Yii framework, which is responsible for presenting the user interface of the web application.

The view in the Yii framework can be said to be one of the keys to achieving an efficient web interface. Because it can not only render data into web pages, but also help us implement complex interface logic. In this article, we will introduce views in the Yii framework and provide some tips and suggestions to help you use it more efficiently.

Introduction to views

In the Yii framework, views are stored in the form of view files. Normally, view files are stored in the views directory. The view file contains all the HTML, CSS and JavaScript code in the web page, and also contains PHP code snippets for data rendering and logic processing.

View files usually use a special language format - PHP template. The PHP template language allows us to insert PHP code into HTML code to dynamically build pages. The characteristic of this language is that it can quickly build the user interface of Web applications. The Yii framework also provides some special syntax and tags, making it more convenient for us to process data and logic in view files.

Rendering View

In the Yii framework, we usually use controllers to render view files. A controller can define one or more actions, each action corresponding to a view file. In the code of an action, we can use the view renderer provided by the Yii framework to merge the data and view files and finally present them to the user.

The view renderer in the Yii framework can be called using the render method. Its syntax is as follows:

public function render(string $view, array $params = [], object $context = null)

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Among them, the $view parameter specifies the path of the view file to be rendered; the $params parameter is the data array to be passed to the view file; $contextThe parameter is the context object used by the view renderer.

The following is an example of a controller method that uses a view renderer to create an interface:

public function actionIndex()
{
    $data = [
        'title' => '欢迎来到我的网站！',
        'content' => '这是我的第一个Yii应用程序。'
    ];

    return $this->render('index', ['data' => $data]);
}

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In this example, the controller method first creates some test data and passes it to the view renderer device. Next, the view renderer loads the view file views/index.php and passes it the data array.

View Layout

In actual development, we usually need to use the same layout in multiple pages. At this point, we can use the view layout function in the Yii framework to apply the layout file as a template to multiple view files.

The view layout in the Yii framework is stored in the form of a layout file, usually named layout.php. The layout file contains the overall framework of the web application, such as page header, page navigation bar, page sidebar, page footer, etc. After the layout file is defined, we can reference this layout file in multiple view files to complete the overall layout of the web page.

The following is an example of a simple view layout file:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title><?= $this->title ?></title>
</head>
<body>

<header>
    <?php $this->beginBlock('header') ?>
    <h1>我的网站</h1>
    <?php $this->endBlock() ?>
</header>

<nav>
    <?php $this->beginBlock('nav') ?>
    <ul>
        <li><a href="/">首页</a></li>
        <li><a href="/about">关于我们</a></li>
        <li><a href="/contact">联系我们</a></li>
    </ul>
    <?php $this->endBlock() ?>
</nav>

<aside>
    <?php $this->beginBlock('sidebar') ?>
    <h2>侧边栏</h2>
    <ul>
        <li><a href="#">链接1</a></li>
        <li><a href="#">链接2</a></li>
        <li><a href="#">链接3</a></li>
    </ul>
    <?php $this->endBlock() ?>
</aside>

<main>
    <?php $this->beginBlock('content') ?>
    <h2><?= $this->title ?></h2>
    <p><?= $content ?></p>
    <?php $this->endBlock() ?>
</main>

<footer>
    <?php $this->beginBlock('footer') ?>
    © 2022 我的网站版权所有。
    <?php $this->endBlock() ?>
</footer>

</body>
</html>

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In the layout file, we use the beginBlock and endBlock methods to define multiple blocks. In the view file, we can use the beginContent and endContent methods to reference these blocks. Here is an example of a view file using a layout file:

<?php
    $this->title = '关于我们';
?>

<?php $this->beginContent('@app/views/layouts/main.php'); ?>

<?php $this->beginBlock('content') ?>
<h2>关于我们</h2>
<p>本网站是一个XXXXXX。</p>
<?php $this->endBlock() ?>

<?php $this->endContent(); ?>

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In this example, we reference the layout file views using the beginContent and endContent methods /layouts/main.php. Because we have not defined the header, nav and sidebar blocks in the view file, they will not be displayed on the page. However, we are using the content block in the view file, which overrides the content block in the layout file to display the content about our page.

View widget

Yii framework also provides a very useful view function-widget (Widget). A widget is a special type of view component that packages reusable interface elements into an independent component for use by multiple view files.

Widgets usually consist of two parts: view files and PHP classes. Among them, the view file defines the HTML and CSS code of the widget, and the PHP class defines the logic and properties of the widget. When using a widget, we can configure its properties as needed and reference it in different view files.

Here is an example of a simple widget:

namespace appwidgets;

use yiiaseWidget;

class HelloWidget extends Widget
{
    public $message;

    public function run()
    {
        return $this->render('hello', ['message' => $this->message]);
    }
}

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In this example, we define a widget named HelloWidget, which uses a view fileviews/widgets/hello.phpTo present a simple greeting. In the widget's code, we define a $message property and a run method that formats the greeting and renders the view file.

The following is an example of a view file using widgets:

<?php
    use appwidgetsHelloWidget;

    echo HelloWidget::widget(['message' => '你好，Yii！']);
?>

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In this example, we use the use statement to introduce the widget class defined above, and Render it using the HelloWidget::widget method. In the method, we pass the value of the $message attribute. Ultimately, the widget renders the passed greeting into HTML code and inserts it into the page.

Conclusion

In this article, we briefly introduced the view capabilities in the Yii framework and provided some tips and suggestions to help you use them better. Views are an important part of web applications. An efficient view can help us create a beautiful, easy-to-use, and efficient user interface. If you are using the Yii framework to develop web applications, I believe the view techniques introduced in this article will help you.

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