Create a simple blog: using PHP and SQLite

With the development of the Internet, blogs have become a platform for more and more people to share their lives, knowledge and ideas. If you also want to create a blog of your own, then this article will introduce how to use PHP and SQLite to create a simple blog.

1. Determine requirements

Before we start creating a blog, we need to determine the functions we want to achieve. For example:

• Create blog post
• Edit blog post
• Delete blog post
• Show blog post list
• Show blog Article details
• User authentication and permission control

2. Installing PHP and SQLite

We need to install PHP and SQLite to create a blog. Here we use XAMPP, which has integration of PHP and SQLite. XAMPP can be downloaded at https://www.apachefriends.org/download.html.

3. Create database

Before creating a blog, we need to create a database to manage blog posts. We can use SQLite to create a database. In the XAMPP control panel, after starting the Apache and MySQL services, you can use phpMyAdmin to create a SQLite database.

In phpMyAdmin, click Databases, enter the database name and character set, such as blog, utf8mb4_general_ci, and then click the Create button to create the database.

4. Initialize the database

After creating the database, we need to initialize the database. Create a table in the blog database to store blog post information. You can use the following SQL statement:

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `posts` (
  `id` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
  `title` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `content` text,
  `created_at` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

This SQL statement creates a table named posts. The table contains four fields: id, title, content and created_at. Among them, id is the primary key and is auto-incremented; title is the title and is not allowed to be empty; content is the content and can be empty; created_at is the creation time and cannot be empty. The default value is the current time.

5. Create Blog Page

Now we can start writing PHP code. First, we create a file called index.php. In this file, we can display the list of blog posts. You can use the following PHP code:

<?php
  $db = new SQLite3('blog.db');
  $results = $db->query('SELECT * FROM posts ORDER BY created_at DESC');

  while ($row = $results->fetchArray()) {
?>
    <article>
      <h2><a href="post.php?id=<?php echo $row['id']; ?>"><?php echo $row['title']; ?></a></h2>
      <p><?php echo $row['content']; ?></p>
      <time datetime="<?php echo $row['created_at']; ?>"><?php echo $row['created_at']; ?></time>
    </article>
<?php
  }
?>

This PHP code uses the SQLite3 extension to connect to the SQLite database we created previously. Use the query statement to obtain all articles in the posts table and sort them in descending order by creation time. Then, use a while loop to put the title, content, and creation time of each article into an article tag. Use the a tag in the title to link the title to the article details page.

6. Create the article details page

In the previous step, we created the display of the blog article list, but we also need to implement the display of the blog article details page. We can create a file called post.php to display the details of a single blog post.

<?php
  $id = intval($_GET['id']);

  $db = new SQLite3('blog.db');
  $stmt = $db->prepare('SELECT * FROM posts WHERE id=:id');
  $stmt->bindParam(':id', $id, SQLITE3_INTEGER);
  $result = $stmt->execute();
  $row = $result->fetchArray();
?>
  <article>
    <h2><?php echo $row['title']; ?></h2>
    <p><?php echo $row['content']; ?></p>
    <time datetime="<?php echo $row['created_at']; ?>"><?php echo $row['created_at']; ?></time>
  </article>

This PHP code obtains the article id passed from the post.php page, then uses the query statement to obtain the article information of the specified id, and displays the article title, content and creation time in the article tag.

7. Create the function of adding, deleting and modifying articles

Now we have implemented the display of blog article list and details page, but we also need to implement the creation, editing and editing of blog articles. Delete function. You can use the following code to achieve this:

Create article:

<?php
  if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') {
    $title = $_POST['title'];
    $content = $_POST['content'];

    $db = new SQLite3('blog.db');
    $stmt = $db->prepare('INSERT INTO posts(title, content) VALUES(:title, :content)');
    $stmt->bindParam(':title', $title, SQLITE3_STRING);
    $stmt->bindParam(':content', $content, SQLITE3_TEXT);
    $stmt->execute();

    header('Location: index.php');
    exit();
  }
?>
<form method="POST" action="">
  <div>
    <label>Title</label>
    <input type="text" name="title" />
  </div>
  <div>
    <label>Content</label>
    <textarea name="content"></textarea>
  </div>
  <div>
    <button type="submit">Create</button>
  </div>
</form>

Edit article:

<?php
  $id = intval($_GET['id']);

  if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') {
    $title = $_POST['title'];
    $content = $_POST['content'];

    $db = new SQLite3('blog.db');
    $stmt = $db->prepare('UPDATE posts SET title=:title, content=:content WHERE id=:id');
    $stmt->bindParam(':title', $title, SQLITE3_STRING);
    $stmt->bindParam(':content', $content, SQLITE3_TEXT);
    $stmt->bindParam(':id', $id, SQLITE3_INTEGER);
    $stmt->execute();

    header('Location: post.php?id=' . $id);
    exit();
  }

  $db = new SQLite3('blog.db');
  $stmt = $db->prepare('SELECT * FROM posts WHERE id=:id');
  $stmt->bindParam(':id', $id, SQLITE3_INTEGER);
  $result = $stmt->execute();
  $row = $result->fetchArray();
?>
<form method="POST" action="">
  <div>
    <label>Title</label>
    <input type="text" name="title" value="<?php echo $row['title']; ?>" />
  </div>
  <div>
    <label>Content</label>
    <textarea name="content"><?php echo $row['content']; ?></textarea>
  </div>
  <div>
    <button type="submit">Save</button>
  </div>
</form>

Delete article:

<?php
  $id = intval($_GET['id']);

  if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') {
    $db = new SQLite3('blog.db');
    $stmt = $db->prepare('DELETE FROM posts WHERE id=:id');
    $stmt->bindParam(':id', $id, SQLITE3_INTEGER);
    $stmt->execute();

    header('Location: index.php');
    exit();
  }

  $db = new SQLite3('blog.db');
  $stmt = $db->prepare('SELECT * FROM posts WHERE id=:id');
  $stmt->bindParam(':id', $id, SQLITE3_INTEGER);
  $result = $stmt->execute();
  $row = $result->fetchArray();
?>
<p>Are you sure you want to delete "<?php echo $row['title']; ?>"?</p>
<form method="POST" action="">
  <button type="submit">Delete</button>
  <a href="post.php?id=<?php echo $id; ?>">Cancel</a>
</form>

8. User authentication and permission control

Finally, we need to implement user authentication and permission control functions. In a simple blog, we can use HTTP_BASIC_AUTH to implement user authentication. Users are required to log in before they can create, edit and delete blog posts. You can use the following code to achieve this:

<?php
  if ($_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_USER'] != 'admin' || $_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_PW'] != 'password') {
    header('WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="My Blog"');
    header('HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized');
    echo 'You must be authorized to access this page.';
    exit();
  }
?>

Put this code at the front of the page that needs permission control. This code will check whether the username and password in the HTTP header are correct. If they are incorrect, it will return a 401 Unauthorized status code and pop up a login box asking the user to log in again.

So far, we have created a simple blog. Through this example, we can understand the basic usage of PHP and SQLite, and how to use PHP to implement a simple application. If you want to learn more about PHP, you can refer to the PHP official documentation and PHP online tutorials.

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