Building a best-practice Spring Cloud microservices architecture
With the advent of the era of cloud computing and big data, microservices have become a mainstream solution in the field of software development. Spring Cloud is a leader in microservice frameworks, providing numerous components and convenient configuration methods, allowing developers to quickly build a reliable and efficient microservice architecture. In this article, we will introduce how to build a best-practice Spring Cloud microservices architecture.
1. Architecture design
Before building the Spring Cloud microservice architecture, you need to consider the following aspects:
- Service governance: Services in the microservice architecture The number is usually large, and many services are interdependent, so a complete service governance solution is required, including service registration, discovery, load balancing, and fault handling.
- Configuration center: Since the number of microservices is usually large, a complete configuration center solution is needed to allow developers to centrally manage the configuration of all microservices to facilitate unified maintenance and deployment.
- API gateway: As the entrance to the microservice architecture, the API gateway needs to have functions such as routing, current limiting, and authentication to ensure that it provides stable and reliable service interfaces to the outside world.
- Monitoring system: The microservice architecture requires a complete monitoring system, including service call chain, performance monitoring, log management, etc., in order to detect and solve problems in a timely manner.
- Business architecture: The business logic of the microservice architecture needs to be divided into different services according to business areas in order to achieve independent deployment and maintenance of services.
To sum up, our Spring Cloud microservice architecture design needs to meet the above five aspects.
2. Service Governance
Service governance is an integral part of the microservice architecture. Spring Cloud provides two service registration/discovery solutions, Eureka and Consul.
- Eureka
Eureka is a REST-based service registration and discovery system with the following advantages:
(1) Simple and easy to use: Eureka It has simple and easy-to-use features and can quickly realize service registration and discovery.
(2) High availability: Eureka comes with its own server-side HA mode and uses multiple Eurekas to form a cluster, so it has higher reliability.
(3) Good stability: The Eureka client will regularly send heartbeat information to the Eureka server to detect and handle faults in a timely manner.
- Consul
Consul is a distributed service discovery and configuration management system based on Go language. It has the following advantages:
(1) Distribution Type: Consul has distributed characteristics and can quickly realize service registration and discovery.
(2) Multiple data centers: Consul supports multiple data centers and can easily perform service discovery and configuration management across data centers.
(3) Health check: Consul can implement automated health checks to detect and handle faults in a timely manner.
When choosing a service registration/discovery solution, you need to consider issues such as architecture scale, business needs, and team technical level, so that you can choose a service governance solution that suits you.
3. Configuration Center
In the microservice architecture, the configuration center is a key component for maintaining and managing the global configuration of microservices. Spring Cloud provides two configuration center solutions: Config Server and Apollo.
- Config Server
Config Server is a configuration center solution based on Git warehouse provided by Spring Cloud. It has the following advantages:
(1) Centralized management: Config Server allows all configuration files to be centrally stored in the Git repository to facilitate unified maintenance and deployment.
(2) Security and controllability: Config Server supports configuration file encryption, signature and permission control functions to ensure the security of configuration files.
(3) Simple client: Config Server supports multiple client languages, and the client is easy to use.
- Apollo
Apollo is an open source configuration center solution with the following advantages:
(1) Scalability: Apollo supports cluster deployment and cross-data center configuration management that can be easily expanded.
(2) Version management: Apollo supports version management of configuration files and provides a GUI interface for viewing and rollback.
(3) Automatic push: Apollo supports automatic push of configuration files, which can realize real-time updates of configurations.
When choosing a configuration center solution, you need to consider factors such as the team's technical level, security, and scalability in order to choose a configuration center solution that suits you.
4. API Gateway
In the microservice architecture, the API gateway is the entrance to the external service interface and plays important roles in forwarding, routing, current limiting and authentication. Spring Cloud provides two API gateway solutions: Zuul and Spring Cloud Gateway.
- Zuul
Zuul is a blocking-proof HTTP routing and service endpoint provided by Spring Cloud, with the following advantages:
(1) Easy Usage: The use of Zuul is very simple and easy to understand, and you can quickly implement routing and forwarding functions.
(2) Routing rules: Zuul has a flexible routing rule configuration function, which can configure routing policies according to various conditions.
(3) Filter: Zuul supports various custom filters, which can easily implement functions such as authentication, current limiting, and statistics.
- Spring Cloud Gateway
Spring Cloud Gateway is a new API gateway solution provided by Spring Cloud. It has the following advantages:
(1) Based on asynchronous: Spring Cloud Gateway It is designed based on asynchronous architecture and has short response time.
(2) Flexibility: Spring Cloud Gateway routing and filter configurations are flexible and can be customized through Groovy scripts.
(3) Integrate Spring Cloud and Reactor: Spring Cloud Gateway can easily integrate Spring Cloud and Reactor to enhance its functionality and performance.
When choosing an API gateway solution, you need to consider issues such as architecture scale, request volume, and team technical level in order to choose an API gateway solution that suits you.
5. Monitoring system
In the microservice architecture, the monitoring system is a very important part, which can help developers discover, locate and solve problems in a timely manner. Spring Cloud provides two monitoring solutions: Zipkin and Sleuth.
- Zipkin
Zipkin is a distributed service tracking system that supports statistical request call chain, response time and other information. It has the following advantages:
(1) Visualization: Zipkin supports visualizing call chain information into charts to facilitate developers to view and analyze.
(2) Scalability: Zipkin supports cluster deployment and cross-data center configuration management to support larger-scale monitoring systems.
(3) Based on HTTP call: Zipkin is based on HTTP call and can receive various types of tracking data.
- Sleuth
Sleuth is a distributed tracing solution provided by Spring Cloud for collecting and processing request tracing information across multiple systems. It has the following advantages:
(1) Perfect integration: Sleuth is highly integrated with other components of Spring Cloud and can be easily integrated into the existing Spring Cloud microservice architecture.
(2) Does not affect the business code: Sleuth does not need to modify the business code and can achieve tracking through AOP.
(3) Automation: Sleuth provides an automated tracking mechanism that can easily implement request tracking and performance statistics.
When choosing a monitoring solution, you need to consider factors such as business scale, monitoring needs, and team technical level in order to choose a monitoring solution that suits you.
6. Business Architecture
In the microservice architecture, the business architecture divides microservices into different business modules based on business types and scenarios to facilitate independent deployment and maintenance of services. . Business architecture design needs to take the following aspects into consideration:
- Split principle: According to the idea of domain-driven design, business modules are divided into independent domains to achieve independent development and maintenance of business logic.
- Module coupling: Coupling between modules is an important issue in business architecture design. It is necessary to reduce the coupling between modules as much as possible to facilitate independent deployment and maintenance of services.
- Microservice granularity: Microservice granularity needs to be considered based on business conditions and scenarios. The number of microservices cannot be too many or too few in order to achieve efficient invocation and maintenance of services.
7. Summary
The above are the basic principles and design solutions for building the best-practice Spring Cloud microservice architecture. As a leader in microservice frameworks, Spring Cloud provides a variety of components and convenient configuration methods, which can help developers quickly build a reliable and efficient microservice architecture. In actual use, it needs to be selected and used according to actual needs and team technical level in order to achieve the best microservice architecture effect.
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