With the rapid growth of real-time data and the continuous development of applications, database normalization design is becoming more and more important in PHP programming. It can help you optimize data structure, reduce data complexity, improve data processing efficiency, and reduce data Risk of error. To this end, in this article, we will introduce some best practices in PHP programming to help you achieve a normalized database design.
First Normal Form (1NF)
The first normal form refers to setting each field in the data table to an atomic value, that is, ensuring that each cell contains only one value, so that Duplication of data is avoided. In PHP programming, we can use multiple tables to implement 1NF design. Here are some examples:
1.1 Split columns
Consider the following table:
user_id | name | address | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | John Doe | john@example.com | 123 Main St |
#In the table above, the field "Address" contains multiple values. So we can break it down into separate tables like this:
user_id | name | |
---|---|---|
1 | John Doe | john@example.com |
address_id | user_id | address |
---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 123 Main St |
The benefit of this is that we eliminate duplicate data and are able to query and update more easily.
1.2 Table split
Consider the following table:
order_id | customer_name | customer_email | product_name | price | quantity | total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | John Doe | john@example.com | Widget | 100 | 1 | 100 |
2 | Jane Doe | jane@example.com | Gadget | 75 | 2 | 150 |
In the above table, the fields "Customer Name", "Customer Email" and "Product Name" are repeated. So we can break it down into separate tables like this:
order_id | customer_id | product_id | price | quantity | total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 100 | 1 | 100 | |
2 | 2 | 75 | 2 | 150 |
product_id | name
With this method, we not only eliminate duplicate data, but also make the data With more standardization, similar operations can continue. More standardized data will make it easier for us to query and maintain data.
address | country | city | state | zip | ##1 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
123 Main St | USA | New York | NY | 12345 | In the above table, the information in "Address" can be split into "Country", "City", "State" and "Zip Code". We can break this down into separate tables like this: |
user_id
address_id | 1 | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 |
state | zip | 1 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
NY | 12345 | With this method, we not only fix the problem of redundant data, but also easily add new addresses. |
user_id
city | state | 1 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
New York | NY | #In the table above, "City" and "State" are dependent on each other. We can split it into separate tables like this: |
user_id
city_id | 1 | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 |
1 | ||
---|---|---|
In this way, we can manage city and state data more easily, avoid data duplication, and improve database performance. Summary Through the above introduction, we can see that data normalization design is a very important skill in PHP programming. Through this technique, we can reduce the complexity of duplicate data, optimize the data structure, improve database performance, and avoid the risk of data errors. Through reasonable and standardized design, we can not only query and maintain data easily, but also conduct data analysis and decision-making more conveniently. Therefore, in PHP programming, implementing database normalization design is a best practice, and we should apply it to our applications as much as possible. |
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