Use go-zero to implement distributed task distribution and scheduling

With the rapid development of Internet business and the gradually increasing business volume, the amount of data that a single server can process is far from meeting the demand. In order to meet the requirements of high concurrency, high availability, and high performance, distributed architecture emerged as the times require.

In a distributed architecture, task distribution and scheduling is a very critical component. The quality of task distribution and scheduling will directly affect the performance and stability of the entire system. Here, we will introduce how to use the go-zero framework to implement distributed task distribution and scheduling.

1. Distributed task distribution

Task distribution is to allocate tasks to be executed to different nodes. In a distributed environment, task distribution is usually implemented through message queues. Message queue has the characteristics of high availability, asynchronous and decoupling, and can well solve the risks and uncertainties in the task distribution process.

go-zero provides support for rabbitmq, kafka and other message queues. Here we take rabbitmq as an example to introduce how to use it to achieve distributed task distribution.

1.1 Install rabbitmq

First we need to install rabbitmq. You can install it by referring to the documentation on the rabbitmq official website. After the installation is complete, we need to create a new vhost and user and set permissions.

# 创建 vhost
sudo rabbitmqctl add_vhost vhost-test

# 创建用户
sudo rabbitmqctl add_user user-test passwd-test

# 设置用户权限
sudo rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p vhost-test user-test ".*" ".*" ".*"

1.2 Configure rabbitmq

Next, we need to add rabbitmq related configuration in the configuration file:

[message]
    # 是否启用message
    enable = true
    # message类型，支持multi、nsq、kafka、rabbitmq
    type = "rabbitmq"
    # rabbitmq地址（IP:PORT）
    addr = "localhost:5672"
    # rabbitmq账号
    user = "user-test"
    # rabbitmq密码
    password = "passwd-test"
    # rabbitmq虚拟主机（默认值：/）
    virtualhost = "vhost-test"
    # 消息队列名称
    queue = "test-queue"

1.3 Send task

In go-zero , we can achieve distributed task distribution through message queues. We can send messages through the message queue, and the consumer of the message will retrieve the message from the message queue and perform the corresponding tasks.

Here we take sending emails as an example to introduce how to send tasks:

func sendMail(ctx context.Context, req *types.SendMailRequest) error {
    // 将任务转为消息发送到消息队列中
    return message.SendMessage(ctx, "test-queue", &types.SendMailRequest{
        Email: req.Email,
        Title: req.Title,
        Content: req.Content,
    })
}

In this method, we convert the email task into a message and send the message to the message queue through the SendMessage function.

2. Distributed task scheduling

Distributed task scheduling is to assign tasks to different nodes and schedule them. In a distributed environment, task scheduling is usually performed through a scheduled task system like cron.

The go-zero framework provides the cronexpr package, which can facilitate task scheduling. We can parse cron expressions through the cronexpr package and then perform the corresponding tasks.

2.1 Add tasks

We can add tasks to the scheduled task system through AddFunc, AddJob and other functions, for example:

func startSchedule() {
    // 解析cron表达式，每天凌晨1点执行
    expr, err := cronexpr.Parse("0 0 1 * * *")
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("failed to parse cron expression: %s", err.Error())
    }

    // 添加任务
    cron.Schedule(expr, cron.FuncJob(func() {
        // do something
    }))
}

In this example, we parse every early morning The cron expression executed at 1 o'clock, and then a FuncJob was added to the scheduled task system.

2.2 Executing tasks

The scheduled task system will call the function corresponding to the task to execute the task. We can handle the task by writing the corresponding processing function, for example:

func handleMailTask() {
    // 监听消息队列
    message.ReceiveMessage(context.Background(),"test-queue", func(ctx context.Context, data []byte) error {
        var req types.SendMailRequest
        // 解析消息
        if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &req); err != nil {
            return err
        }

        // 发送邮件
        if err := sendMail(context.Background(), &req); err != nil {
            log.Printf("failed to send mail of %s: %s", req.Email, err.Error())
        }

        return nil
    })
}

In this processing function, we listen to the message message queue, obtain the message and parse out the task. Then call the sendMail function to send the email.

3. Summary

This article introduces how to use the go-zero framework to achieve distributed task distribution and scheduling. Through the message queue and scheduled task system, we can easily realize task distribution and scheduling, and improve the performance and availability of the system.

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