Django Getting Started Tutorial: Detailed Introduction to Python Web Framework

Django is a web framework developed using the Python language. It has powerful functions and convenient usage, and is a leader in Python web development. In this article, we will focus on the introductory tutorial of Django, provide readers with a detailed introduction and practical experience, and help readers quickly master the use of Django.

1. Why choose Django

Before learning any new technology, you first need to clarify the characteristics and advantages of the technology. Django has the following advantages:

1. rapid development

Django provides a series of tools and plug-ins to quickly build web applications. Its ORM (Object Relational Mapping) layer provides developers with convenient data access and management methods, and can quickly complete the development of Web applications.

2. Full stack framework

Django is not just a simple MVC framework, it is a full stack framework. It contains various modules that allow developers to complete everything from data management to view layer, template layer, and even final web server deployment.

3. Security

Django comes with built-in protection measures. Developers don’t need to worry about security issues such as SQL injection, XSS, CSRF, etc. It comes with its own ORM layer and form validation Functions provide developers with a convenient and secure way to interact with data.

4. Active community

Django has a large developer and user community, including many contributors from corporate companies and community organizations. Therefore, you can find various plug-ins, libraries and tools in the Django community, and you can get timely technical support.

Based on these advantages, using Django as a web development framework is a very good choice.

2. Django installation and configuration

You can use pip to install Django. If you are using anaconda, you can use conda. We first need to install the Python environment, and then use the following command to install the latest version. Django:

pip install django

After the installation is complete, we need to create a Django project locally. You can use the following command:

django-admin startproject projectname

where projectname is the name you give your project.

3. Django project structure

The basic directory structure of the Django project is as follows:

project/
 |——manage.py  # Django的命令行工具，用以管理项目
 |——project/   # 与项目名称同名的根目录
        |——__init__.py
        |——settings.py
        |——urls.py
        |——asgi.py
        |——wsgi.py

• manage.py file: Django’s command line management tool, provided A variety of commands can help us quickly develop and deploy our projects.
• settings.py file: Django's configuration file. We can use this file to configure the properties and parameters that the project needs at any time.
• urls.py file: We can define the URL mapping rules of the project in this file.
• wsgi.py file: WSGI is the standard interface between web servers and Python code. This file contains the WSGI configuration and application of the Django instance.
• asgi.py file: If you need to use an ASGI (Asynchronous HTTP Server Gateway Interface) server, you can define some ASGI-related configurations in this file.

4. Writing the first Django application

To build the first Django application, you first need to create an application. In Django, an application is a functional module or a submodule. You can create a Django application using the following command:

 cd projectname
 python manage.py startapp appname

where appname is the name you give your application.

After the creation is completed, you can see the following files and folders in the application folder:

appname/
 |——__init__.py
 |——admin.py
 |——apps.py
 |——models.py
 |——tests.py
 |——views.py
 |——migrations/
     |——__init__.py

• __ The init__.py file is an empty file, but the File allows Python to recognize the current folder as a Python package.
• The admin.py file is where the Django backend management model is defined.
• The apps.py file is used to interact with the Django system. Normally, you do not need to modify this file.
• models.py is used to define data models, such as classes.
• tests.py is used to write automated test code.
• views.py is where you interact with web requests. Among them, views.py is more important, and common operations are performed in this file.

Next, we write two simple methods in the views.py file under the appname folder:

from django.http import HttpResponse


def hello(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello, Django!")


def welcome(request):
    return HttpResponse("Welcome to Django!")

Then we need to create a new urls.py under the appname folder file, the content of the file is:

from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('hello/', views.hello),
    path('welcome/', views.welcome),
]

This file is used to process URL mapping. We map /hello/ to the hello method in the views.py file, and /welcome/ to the views.py file. The welcome method.

Next we need to modify the urls.py file in the projectname folder and add the following code to urlpatterns:

path('myapp/', include('myapp.urls')),

where myapp is the name of the appname application we created.

The modified urls.py file under the project name:

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('myapp/', include('myapp.urls')),
]

Now that we have completed the development of the first Django application, the next step is to start the application, we can Start the Django server using the following command:

python manage.py runserver

Then enter http://127.0.0.1:8000/myapp/hello/, http://127.0.0.1:8000/myapp/welcome/ in the browser, You will see what we have written on the page.

5. Summary

This article mainly introduces the introductory tutorial of Django, including the advantages of Django, installation and configuration, project structure, and how to write and start a Django application. This article ensures that beginners can master the basics of Django and start developing their own Django applications through practical experience. Of course, what is described here is just the tip of the iceberg of Django. Readers can continue to study more documents to delve deeper into the world of Django.

The above is the detailed content of Django Getting Started Tutorial: Detailed Introduction to Python Web Framework. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!