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在PHP中使用X-SendFile头让文件下载更快_PHP

Jun 01, 2016 am 11:52 AM
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一般来说, 我们可以通过直接让URL指向一个位于Document Root下面的文件, 来引导用户下载文件.

但是, 这样做, 就没办法做一些统计, 权限检查, 等等的工作. 于是, 很多时候, 我们采用让PHP来做转发, 为用户提供文件下载.
复制代码 代码如下:
    $file = "/tmp/dummy.tar.gz";
    header("Content-type: application/octet-stream");
    header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="' . basename($file) . '"');
    header("Content-Length: ". filesize($file));
    readfile($file);
但是这个有一个问题, 就是如果文件是中文名的话, 有的用户可能下载后的文件名是乱码.

于是, 我们做一下修改:
复制代码 代码如下:
    $file = "/tmp/中文名.tar.gz";

    $filename = basename($file);

    header("Content-type: application/octet-stream");

    //处理中文文件名
    $ua = $_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"];
    $encoded_filename = rawurlencode($filename);
    if (preg_match("/MSIE/", $ua)) {
     header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="' . $encoded_filename . '"');
    } else if (preg_match("/Firefox/", $ua)) {
     header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename*=\"utf8''" . $filename . '"');
    } else {
     header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="' . $filename . '"');
    }

    header("Content-Length: ". filesize($file));
    readfile($file);
恩, 现在看起来好多了, 不过还有一个问题, 那就是readfile, 虽然PHP的readfile尝试实现的尽量高效, 不占用PHP本身的内存, 但是实际上它还是需要采用MMAP(如果支持), 或者是一个固定的buffer去循环读取文件, 直接输出.

输出的时候, 如果是Apache + PHP mod, 那么还需要发送到Apache的输出缓冲区. 最后才发送给用户. 而对于Nginx + fpm如果他们分开部署的话, 那还会带来额外的网络IO.

那么, 能不能不经过PHP这层, 直接让Webserver直接把文件发送给用户呢?

今天, 我看到了一个有意思的文章: How I PHP: X-SendFile.

我们可以使用Apache的module mod_xsendfile, 让Apache直接发送这个文件给用户:
复制代码 代码如下:
    $file = "/tmp/中文名.tar.gz";

    $filename = basename($file);

    header("Content-type: application/octet-stream");

    //处理中文文件名
    $ua = $_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"];
    $encoded_filename = rawurlencode($filename);
    if (preg_match("/MSIE/", $ua)) {
     header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="' . $encoded_filename . '"');
    } else if (preg_match("/Firefox/", $ua)) {
     header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename*=\"utf8''" . $filename . '"');
    } else {
     header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="' . $filename . '"');
    }

    //让Xsendfile发送文件
    header("X-Sendfile: $file");
X-Sendfile头将被Apache处理, 并且把响应的文件直接发送给Client.

Lighttpd和Nginx也有类似的模块, 大家有兴趣的可以去找找看

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