Using go-zero to implement high-availability distributed cache

With the development of Web applications, more and more attention is turning to how to improve application performance. The role of caching is to offset high traffic and busy loads and improve the performance and scalability of web applications. In a distributed environment, how to implement high-availability caching has become an important technology.

This article will introduce how to use some tools and frameworks provided by go-zero to implement high-availability distributed cache, and briefly discuss the advantages and limitations of go-zero in practical applications.

1. What is go-zero?

go-zero is a fast Web framework and RPC framework based on golang language, emphasizing ease of use, high performance and scalability. The framework is widely used in applications, has efficient routing and middleware mechanisms, and provides automated API documentation and code generation.

go-zero contains many powerful tools and modules, such as caching, database access, logging, task scheduling and distributed locks, etc.

2. Go-zero’s distributed cache module

1. Introduction

go-zero provides multiple types of distributed cache solutions, such as master-slave and sentry. , cluster, stand-alone, etc. These caching solutions can increase the speed of data access in applications and reduce the number of accesses to back-end storage.

2. Use

2.1. Master-slave mode

The master-slave mode is the most commonly used caching scheme, which is common in small and medium-sized application systems or testing stages. To implement this mode, you need to use go-zero's MicroCache component, as shown below:

var mc = cache.NewMicroCache("redis://localhost:6379", cache.MicroConfig{
    Mode:         cache.CacheModePair,
    PrimaryCache: cache.RedisNode{},
    SecondaryCache: cache.RedisNode{},
})

func main() {
    mc.Set("username", "lwy", 10)
    value, _ := mc.Get("username")
    fmt.Println(value)
}

In the MicroCache component, the Mode attribute is used to identify the cache mode. CacheModePair indicates the use of master-slave mode, while the PrimaryCache and SecondaryCache attributes indicate the primary cache and slave cache respectively. In actual use, multiple master-slave cache pairs can be configured as needed.

2.2. Sentinel mode

The sentinel mode is more reliable and powerful than the master-slave mode and is often used in large-scale production environments. In sentry mode, go-zero uses the Redis Sentinel module to achieve high availability of cache.

For how to use the Redis Sentinel module, you can refer to the following code:

var (
    sentinel = cache.SentinelAddresses{":26379", ":26380", ":26381"}
    pool     = cache.NewRedisSentinelPool(sentinel, "mymaster")
)

func main() {
    value := cache.MustGetRedisClient(pool).Do("GET", "username")
    fmt.Println(value)
}

In the above code, pool is used to represent the pool with Redis Sentinel nodes. If the master node fails, Sentinel will automatically promote the slave node to the master node to achieve high availability and elasticity.

2.3. Cluster mode

Cluster mode is a common mode for distributed cache. It can store data in shards through multiple nodes, thereby improving data access speed and throughput.

go-zero provides a cluster-mode caching solution that can implement cache clusters based on some popular key-value storage systems, such as ElasticSearch, Kafka, and Cassandra. The following is a sample code that uses ElasticSearch as a cache cluster:

var (
    esCache = cache.NewBulkCache("localhost:9200")
)

func main() {
    data := []cache.KV{
        {"username", "cyb"},
        {"password", "123456"},
    }
    esCache.SetBulk(data)
    value, _ := esCache.Get("username")
    fmt.Println(value)
}

In the above example code, NewBulkCache is used to create an ElasticSearch cache instance. If you need to add or modify data, you can use the SetBulk method. The Get method is used to obtain data from the ElasticSearch cache.

2.4. Stand-alone mode

In some small projects or test cases, you can directly use go-zero’s built-in MemoryCache module to implement stand-alone caching.

MemoryCache is a memory-based KV cache that is simple and convenient to use, as shown below:

var cacheStore = cache.NewMemoryCache()

func main() {
    cacheStore.Set("username", "ljy", 10)
    value, _ := cacheStore.Get("username")
    fmt.Println(value)
}

3. Advantages and limitations of go-zero cache

Advantages:

1. Efficiency

Using go-zero's caching framework can achieve good data reading and writing speed and response time.

2. Scalability

go-zero’s caching framework can be easily extended to a distributed environment and supports a variety of commonly used distributed caching solutions.

3. Ease of use

go-zero integrates multiple types of caching modules, and developers can choose different caching solutions according to different needs. In addition, it also provides many commonly used caching APIs and supports automated API documentation and code generation.

Limitations:

1. Go-zero’s caching module does not have complete support for complex caching scenarios.

2. Although go-zero's cache module provides various types of distributed cache solutions, there is still a gap compared with some mainstream cache systems (such as Redis and Memcached).

3. Conclusion and summary

This article introduces how to use go-zero's caching framework to implement high-availability distributed cache. go-zero's caching framework provides multiple types of distributed caching solutions, which can easily implement cache cluster, sentinel mode, master-slave mode and stand-alone mode. Although go-zero's caching module does not have complete support for complex caching scenarios, it can still meet the needs of most application scenarios.

In the actual application process, different go-zero caching solutions can be selected and used in combination according to the actual situation. In addition, a more efficient, stable, scalable and easy-to-maintain distributed system can be achieved by combining other modules and tools provided by go-zero.

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