Using WebSocket for real-time communication in Beego

In today's Internet era, real-time communication has become an indispensable function in many application scenarios. From online chat, real-time gaming to surveillance systems, real-time communication is in increasing demand. The most common way to achieve real-time communication is to use the WebSocket protocol.

The WebSocket protocol is a new network communication protocol in the HTML5 specification. It can provide a full-duplex communication channel on a TCP connection. Real-time communication functions can be easily achieved using the WebSocket protocol, and Beego, as a fast and efficient Web framework, naturally supports the WebSocket protocol.

This article will introduce the process of using WebSocket to achieve real-time communication in Beego. First, we need to install the Beego framework:

go get github.com/astaxie/beego

After the installation is complete, we can start using the Beego framework. Before using Beego to implement WebSocket, we need to first understand the WebSocket protocol. The WebSocket protocol has three phases: handshake, data transfer and closure.

In the handshake phase, the client sends an HTTP request to the server, requesting an upgrade to the WebSocket protocol. After receiving the request, the server returns a 101 Switching Protocols response. At this time, the WebSocket connection has been established. During the data transfer phase, the client and server can transfer data to each other. During the shutdown phase, the client or server can send a shutdown frame to close the WebSocket connection.

In Beego, we can implement the three stages of WebSocket by implementing the WebSocket function of beego.Controller.

First, we need to create a WebSocket controller:

package controllers

import (
    "github.com/astaxie/beego"
    "github.com/gorilla/websocket"
)

type WebSocketController struct {
    beego.Controller
}

var upgrader = websocket.Upgrader{
    ReadBufferSize:  1024,
    WriteBufferSize: 1024,
}

func (this *WebSocketController) Get() {
    conn, err := upgrader.Upgrade(this.Ctx.ResponseWriter, this.Ctx.Request, nil)
    if err != nil {
        beego.Error("WebSocket协议升级失败：", err)
        return
    }
    // 处理连接
}

In the above code, we created an Upgrader through the gorilla/websocket package and called the Upgrader's Upgrade in the Get method Method upgrade protocol. At this point, the WebSocket connection has been successfully established. Next, we need to handle the WebSocket connection.

For the processing of WebSocket connections, we can use goroutine. Whenever there is a new connection, we open a new goroutine to handle the connection:

func (this *WebSocketController) Get() {
    conn, err := upgrader.Upgrade(this.Ctx.ResponseWriter, this.Ctx.Request, nil)
    if err != nil {
        beego.Error("WebSocket协议升级失败：", err)
        return
    }
    go this.handleConnection(conn)
}

func (this *WebSocketController) handleConnection(conn *websocket.Conn) {
    defer conn.Close()
    // 处理连接
}

In the method of processing the connection, we can use a for loop to continuously read the data from the client:

func (this *WebSocketController) handleConnection(conn *websocket.Conn) {
    defer conn.Close()
    for {
        _, msg, err := conn.ReadMessage()
        if err != nil {
            beego.Error("读取消息失败：", err)
            return
        }
        // 处理消息
    }
}

In the method of processing messages, we can perform corresponding processing based on the data sent by the client, and send the processing results back to the client:

func (this *WebSocketController) handleConnection(conn *websocket.Conn) {
    defer conn.Close()
    for {
        _, msg, err := conn.ReadMessage()
        if err != nil {
            beego.Error("读取消息失败：", err)
            return
        }
        // 处理消息
        reply := "收到消息：" + string(msg)
        err = conn.WriteMessage(websocket.TextMessage, []byte(reply))
        if err != nil {
            beego.Error("发送消息失败：", err)
            return
        }
    }
}

The above code implements a simple The WebSocket echo server directly returns the data as it is after receiving the data from the client. In practical applications, we can perform corresponding data processing as needed and push the processing results to the client in real time.

Finally, we need to register the WebSocket controller in the routing:

beego.Router("/websocket", &controllers.WebSocketController{})

At this point, we have completed the process of using WebSocket to achieve real-time communication in the Beego framework. It should be noted that Beego uses the gorilla/websocket package to implement the WebSocket function, so this package needs to be imported into the project.

In summary, Beego is a powerful and easy-to-use Web framework that can easily realize real-time communication functions when combined with the WebSocket protocol. When using WebSocket to implement real-time communication, we need to pay attention to the three phases of the protocol and use goroutine for processing.

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