Practice of separation of hot and cold data in database in PHP programming

With the development of Internet technology, the explosive growth of data volume not only brings great challenges to database performance, but also makes database design and optimization more and more complex. In PHP programming, for high-concurrency systems, how to separate hot and cold data in the database is a key issue. This article will introduce how to practice the method of separating hot and cold data in the database.

1. What is hot and cold data in the database?

In the database, hot data refers to data that is frequently accessed and modified, while cold data is the opposite and is rarely accessed and modified. For example, on e-commerce websites, product review data is rarely modified and therefore can be classified as cold data. The data of product inventory is frequently modified and is hot data.

2. Why do we need to separate hot and cold data in the database?

The separation of hot and cold data in the database can improve the performance and scalability of the system. After separating hot and cold data, hot data can be cached and indexed more efficiently, improving query efficiency and response speed. At the same time, cold data can also be stored in different storage media, such as file systems, to reduce the frequency of database access and increase the scalability of the database.

3. How to separate hot and cold data in the database?

(1) Separation method based on data access mode.

By monitoring and analyzing data access patterns, hot data and cold data in the database can be classified and then stored separately. For example, in-memory databases such as Redis can be used to cache hot data to reduce the frequency of database access; while cold data can be stored in the file system to reduce the pressure on the database.

(2) Separation method based on the characteristics of the data itself.

Different types of data have different characteristics. For example, text, pictures, etc. cannot be efficiently stored and queried in a relational database, and can be stored in a file system; while numeric data can be stored using indexes. Make efficient queries. Therefore, data can be classified and separated based on the characteristics of the data itself.

(3) Separation method based on database sub-table and sub-database.

In practical applications, when the amount of data is large, the method of database splitting into tables and databases can be used to separate and store hot and cold data. Store cold data in different data tables or databases to reduce the pressure on the main database and improve the scalability and performance of the system.

4. Practice Case

By practicing the separation of hot and cold database data in PHP applications, the performance and scalability of the system can be effectively improved. For example, when optimizing the database for a cosmetics e-commerce website, the following methods were used to separate hot and cold data:

(1) Use Redis to cache product review data to reduce the frequency of database reads. Improve system response speed.

(2) Store the order data in the master-slave database, separate it, and store it in separate tables to reduce the pressure on the master database and improve the scalability of the system.

(3) Separate hot and cold user portrait data, store cold data in files, and query through cache and index to improve the query efficiency of the system.

5. Summary

The separation of hot and cold data in the database is an important optimization method in PHP programming. By classifying and storing data separately, the performance and performance of the system can be effectively improved. Scalability. In practice, different separation methods need to be selected based on comprehensive considerations such as data access mode, data characteristics, and data volume to achieve the best optimization effect.

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