With the development of the Internet and the continuous updating of technology, traditional single applications can no longer meet user needs, and the concept of microservices has emerged. Spring Cloud is a microservice development toolkit launched by Pivotal. It provides developers with an extremely convenient way to build, deploy and manage microservice architecture applications.
This article will introduce the service-oriented Spring Cloud microservice development in detail, including the concept and architecture of Spring Cloud, the microservice development process, and commonly used microservice components.
1. Spring Cloud Concept and Architecture
Spring Cloud is an enhanced tool set of Spring Boot under the microservice architecture. It provides a rich set of components, including service discovery, configuration center, load balancing, Circuit breakers, etc. Spring Cloud implements the core functions of the microservice architecture, such as service discovery and load balancing, by introducing Netflix OSS components.
Spring Cloud’s architecture is divided into two levels, namely Spring Cloud Config and Spring Cloud Netflix.
Spring Cloud Config is a distributed configuration center provided by Spring Cloud. Its core is to centrally manage application configuration files and realize dynamic configuration. Updates and version control. Spring Cloud Config supports multiple back-end storage methods, such as local file system, Git, Subversion, etc., and you can also customize the storage method.
Spring Cloud Netflix is the core component of microservices provided by Spring Cloud, including service registration center, service provider, service consumer and load balancer wait. Spring Cloud Netflix mainly relies on Netflix OSS components, including Eureka, Hystrix, Zuul, Ribbon, etc.
2. Microservice development process
The microservice development process usually includes steps such as project creation, dependency configuration, service registration and discovery, service writing, and service invocation. This article uses Spring Cloud microservice development as an example to demonstrate the basic process of microservice development:
You can use Spring Initializr to create a Spring Cloud project , select the Spring Cloud version and required components. Spring Initializr automatically generates the project skeleton and Maven or Gradle configuration files.
Add dependencies according to project requirements, such as Spring Cloud Config, Spring Cloud Netflix Eureka, Spring Cloud Netflix Ribbon, etc. Corresponding configurations are also required in the configuration file, such as eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone, spring.cloud.config.server.git.uri, etc.
Service registration and discovery are the core of the microservice architecture, and Spring Cloud provides Eureka as an implementation method. Service providers will register their own information with the Eureka registration center at startup, and service consumers can find available service providers through Eureka.
The service writing process is the same as that of traditional single applications. It can be divided into modules according to business needs, and each module can be run and deployed independently. Service providers need to register with the registration center at startup, and service consumers need to make service calls through Feign or RestTemplate.
Service call can be made using RestTemplate or Feign. The interface layer code and business layer code are separated. The interface layer code only calls different service providers. Business methods, business implementation is in each service provider.
3. Commonly used microservice components
In addition to commonly used service registration centers, load balancing, circuit breakers and other components, Spring Cloud also provides some extended components, as follows:
Spring Cloud Config is a centralized configuration management tool that supports many back-end storages, such as Git, SVN, local file systems and databases. Spring Cloud Config can help us dynamically manage configuration information, update configurations, manage versions, etc.
Spring Cloud Sleuth is a distributed link tracking and solution that can track the flow of each request in microservices. Spring Cloud Sleuth uses Zipkin as a distributed tracing tool. In the microservice architecture, the calling relationships between different services are complex, and Spring Cloud Sleuth can be used to easily perform link tracking and debugging.
Spring Cloud Stream is an enterprise-level messaging microservice framework based on Spring Boot. It provides a set of standardized interfaces and a set of middleware Implemented to help developers quickly build scalable message-driven applications. Spring Cloud Stream provides many message middleware binders, including RabbitMQ, Kafka, etc.
Spring Cloud Bus is an event and message bus that can support the propagation of status changes through messages, such as configuration changes, etc. Spring Cloud Bus can easily implement functions such as automatic configuration update and global broadcast of configuration.
In short, as microservices receive more and more attention and use, developers need to continuously learn and improve technically. Spring Cloud provides us with a wealth of components so that we can better implement Service-oriented microservice development.
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