Core principles of optimization in PHP programming: Disk-based storage vs. memory-based storage

Core principles of optimization in PHP programming: Disk-based storage vs. memory-based storage

In web application development, performance is one of the most critical aspects. Optimizing a website's performance can improve user experience and SEO rankings, but many developers don't know how to do it. This article will introduce two core principles for optimizing PHP application performance: disk-based storage and memory-based storage.

Disk-based storage

A disk is a mechanical device that takes time to address, rotate, and read data, so it is much slower than memory. In PHP applications, calling file and database operations on disk can cause latency and performance bottlenecks. Here are some disk-based storage methods for optimizing PHP application performance:

1. Caching. Caching is a technology that stores data in memory or on disk. It enables faster retrieval of data on subsequent visits. You can use a third-party caching system such as Redis or Memcached, or use a built-in caching mechanism such as APC or file caching.
2. Use index. Using indexes in the database can improve query speed and reduce the overhead of scanning the entire table when querying. When building an index, you need to consider which queries will be executed frequently, and then create indexes based on these queries.
3. Reduce network requests. In the HTTP protocol, each request requires establishing a connection and transmitting data. Reducing the number of requests can improve performance. You can use technologies such as CDN, lazy loading of images, and merging of JS and CSS files to reduce requests.

Memory-based storage

Compared with disks, the read and write speed of memory is very fast. Therefore, memory-based storage methods are often used when optimizing PHP application performance. Here are some memory-based storage methods:

1. Use variable cache. Variables in PHP such as arrays and objects are stored in memory and can be accessed directly. Therefore, variable caching can be used to improve performance. In PHP, variable caching can be implemented using extensions such as APC, XCache or Zend Opcache.
2. Try to avoid global variables. Global variables are stored in memory and available throughout the application. Although global variables can be convenient in some situations, they can cause memory leaks and performance issues. Therefore, the use of global variables should be avoided whenever possible.
3. Use event-driven programming. In event-driven programming, applications respond to events rather than polling resources to check their status. This method can reduce CPU and memory usage and improve performance.

Conclusion:

The core principles of optimization in PHP programming include two storage methods: disk-based storage and memory-based storage. Disk-based storage methods include caching, using indexes, and reducing network requests. Memory-based storage methods include using variable caching, avoiding global variables, and using event-driven programming. Developers should choose the appropriate optimization method based on the characteristics of the application to obtain the best performance.

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