How to encapsulate and implement audio and video elements in Vue?

Vue is a front-end framework that facilitates the construction and development of web applications. Among them, audio and video functions are essential in many implementations. For this reason, Vue supports basic elements such as audio and video.

However, some additional work is required to implement the encapsulation and functionality of these elements in Vue. This article will explain the methods and techniques for encapsulating and implementing audio and video elements in Vue.

Why do we need to encapsulate audio and video elements?

When writing applications, we hope to follow "The Single Responsibility Principle" as much as possible. This also applies to our operations on audio and video elements. For audio and video elements, we want them to perform only their most important function: playing sound and video.

The concept of encapsulation is very important in object-oriented programming languages, but it is equally useful in Vue. Encapsulation helps us simplify our code and group it into small reusable parts.

In order to apply these concepts to Vue, we can use custom component encapsulation technology to encapsulate audio and video elements.

Implement audio and video encapsulation

To encapsulate audio and video elements into custom Vue components, the most basic method is to use <audio> or<video> tag and place it in the component's template attribute. For example:

<template>
  <div>
    <audio :src="url" ref="audioRef"></audio>
  </div>
</template>

In the above code, the src attribute of the <audio> tag is bound to the url data attribute defined in the component. An additional ref="audioRef" attribute is defined here for referencing the element in JavaScript.

Next, inside the component, we can define the relevant JavaScript code so that we can operate on it elsewhere. For example, we could add the following code:

export default {
  // ...
  data() {
    return {
      url: "/path/to/audio/file",
      playing: false,
      muted: false
    };
  },
  methods: {
    playAudio() {
      const audio = this.$refs.audioRef;
 
      if (audio.paused) {
        audio.play();
      } else {
        audio.pause();
      }
      this.playing = !this.playing;
    },
    toggleMute(){
      const audio = this.$refs.audioRef;
      audio.muted = !audio.muted;
      this.muted = !this.muted;
    }
   }
  // ...
}

This code identifies two useful actions, which are to play or pause the audio, and to mute or unmute it. This component toggles the state of audio based on data properties such as playing and muted. We can use these methods in the component's template like this:

<template>
  <div>
    <audio :src="url" ref="audioRef"></audio>
    <button @click="playAudio">{{ playing ? 'Pause' : 'Play' }}</button>
    <button @click="toggleMute">{{ muted ? 'Unmute' : 'Mute' }}</button>
  </div>
</template>

The two buttons here will trigger the playAudio() and toggleMute() methods respectively .

We can encapsulate the video element in a similar way, just use the <video> tag and embed its attributes into the Vue component template.

Further Encapsulation

We can also further extend this basic audio/video component so that they can communicate between components. For example, to switch between two different audio components, we can use a centralized state manager such as Vuex.

In Vuex, we can define a global state, such as audioState. We can define a mutation in the audio component so that they can communicate by manipulating that state.

For example, we can store the path of the currently playing audio file in the Vuex state and add a computed property in the component to get the path. In the component, we can put this calculated property into the template template of our audio component to trigger audio playback.

// 在 Vuex 中定义全局状态
state: {
  audioState: {
    currentAudio: null
  }
},
mutations: {
  setCurrentAudio(state, payload){
    state.audioState.currentAudio = payload;
  }
}

// 在音频组件中添加计算属性，获取当前播放的音频文件
computed: {
  currentAudio(){
    return this.$store.state.audioState.currentAudio;
  }
}

// 在组件的模板中，添加一个方法来监听 Vuex 状态的变化
watch: {
  currentAudio(val){
    if (val && val !== this.url){
      this.url = val;
      this.playAudio();
    }
  }
}

In this way, we can control the playback state of audio elements at will without having to handle these logic separately in each component.

In this example, we can also link the operations of different audio components to Vuex to enable data sharing and interaction between multiple Vue components. This will make our code more reusable, maintainable, and reduce regression testing effort.

In short, encapsulating audio and video components allows us to easily reuse and maintain code. With the help of Vuex state management, we can easily implement audio and video file sharing and operation between different components in the application.

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