How to use Behat for BDD testing in PHP

BDD (Behavior-Driven Development) is a very popular development model. It emphasizes the natural language expression of requirements and behaviors, and ensures the correctness of development through test cases. Behat is a common tool for using BDD in PHP. This article will introduce how to use Behat for BDD testing in PHP.

1. Install Behat

To install Behat, you need to use Composer. Open the terminal and enter the following command:

composer require --dev behat/behat

This command will install Behat and its dependent packages into your project. .

2. Create Behat configuration file

Behat needs a configuration file to run tests, execute the following command:

vendor/bin/behat --init

Next, a file named behat.yml will be created configuration file.

3. Create test cases

Behat test cases are written based on Gherkin language. Gherkin is a natural language DSL that can describe the behavior and requirements of software. For example, the following is a simple test case in Gherkin format:

Feature: 登录
  作为一个网站用户，
  我希望能够登录到网站。

  Scenario: 正确的用户名和密码
    Given 我在登录页面
    When 我输入正确的用户名和密码
    Then 我能成功登录

Next, create a features directory and create a test case file named login.feature in this directory.

4. Create Step Definitions

Step Definitions is the bridge between Behat test cases and PHP code, which converts test cases into executable code. Run the following command to generate a Step Definitions file:

vendor/bin/behat --append-snippets

Next, Behat will prompt you to add code to the FeatureContext.php file, which is located in the features/bootstrap directory.

For example, in the above test case, Step Definitions can be implemented as:

<?php
use BehatBehatContextContext;
use BehatBehatTesterExceptionPendingException;
use BehatBehatHookScopeAfterScenarioScope;
use BehatMinkExtensionContextMinkContext;
use BehatTestworkHookScopeBeforeSuiteScope;
use BehatchContextJsonContext;
use BehatchContextRestContext;
use DotenvDotenv;

/**
 * Feature context.
 */
class FeatureContext extends MinkContext implements Context
{
    private $baseUrl;

    /**
     * @BeforeSuite
     */
    public static function loadEnvironmentVariables(BeforeSuiteScope $scope)
    {
        if (is_readable(__DIR__ . '/../../.env')) {
            (new Dotenv(__DIR__ . '/../../'))->load();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @BeforeScenario
     */
    public function before(AfterScenarioScope $scope)
    {
        $this->baseUrl = getenv('BASE_URL');
    }

    /**
     * @Given 我在登录页面
     */
    public function 我在登录页面()
    {
        $this->visit($this->baseUrl . '/login');
    }

    /**
     * @When 我输入正确的用户名和密码
     */
    public function 我输入正确的用户名和密码()
    {
        $this->fillField('用户名', 'admin');
        $this->fillField('密码', 'password');
        $this->pressButton('登录');
    }

    /**
     * @Then 我能成功登录
     */
    public function 我能成功登录()
    {
        $this->assertPageContainsText('欢迎回来');
    }
}

5. Run the test

Run the following command to execute the test:

vendor/bin/behat

If the test passes, results similar to the following will be output:

1 scenario (1 passed)
3 steps (3 passed)

If the test fails, troubleshoot the problem based on the error message.

Conclusion

By using Behat and Gherkin languages ​​for testing, software behavior and requirements can be described more easily, and tests can be run automatically, reducing the cost and time of manual testing. In PHP projects, Behat is a very practical BDD testing tool that can help developers ensure the quality and correctness of software.

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