How to use PHPQuery to crawl web pages in PHP-PHP Tutorial-php.cn

How to use PHPQuery to crawl web pages in PHP

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Release： 2023-06-27 19:14:01

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In today's era of information explosion, web crawlers have become a very common technical method in the Internet field. As one of the widely used languages in Internet development, PHP has many ways to implement web crawling. Among them, PHPQuery is a very practical PHP library that can quickly and easily implement web crawling, data extraction and other tasks. This article will introduce the use of PHPQuery and application cases to help readers better master this technology.

1. Introduction to PHPQuery

PHPQuery is an open source PHP class library. It is based on jQuery syntax and allows PHP developers to use CSS selectors to operate HTML and XML documents. It also provides some Commonly used DOM operation methods, such as obtaining elements, traversing, modifying element attributes, adding, deleting, copying elements, etc. The use of the PHPQuery library does not require external dependencies or extensions. You only need to use the Core API to complete web crawling and other operations.

2. PHPQuery installation

The latest version of PHPQuery can be downloaded on GitHub. To install PHPQuery simply download the zip file and extract it to your project folder. Sample code:

require_once 'phpquery/phpQuery/phpQuery.php';

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3. PHPQuery usage

1. Load HTML document

Use the phpQuery::newDocumentHTML() method to load the HTML document into the phpQuery object, and The second parameter can be passed in to specify the character encoding when parsing the document.

$html = '<html><head><title>PHPQuery Test</title></head><body><h1>Hello PHPQuery！</h1></body></html>';
$doc = phpQuery::newDocumentHTML($html, 'utf-8');

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2. Use CSS selectors to get elements

By using CSS selectors, you can get all the elements that meet the requirements in the web page and edit them in the phpQuery object.

//获取HTML文档中的h1元素
$h1 = $doc->find('h1');

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3. Get and modify element attributes

phpQuery provides attr() and removeAttr() methods to get and remove element attributes, and also supports the use of addAttr() and attr() Methods to add and modify an element's properties.

//获取元素的title属性
$title = $h1->attr('title');
//设置元素的title属性
$h1->attr('title', 'PHPQuery Test');
//移除元素的title属性
$h1->removeAttr('title');

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4. Traverse and copy elements

phpQuery also provides each() method to traverse matching elements and clone() method to copy elements.

//遍历所有h5元素
$h5 = $doc->find('h5');
$h5->each(function($index, $element) {
    echo $element->tagName . '<br>';
});
//复制元素
$h6 = $h5->clone();

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5. Web crawling example

By using the above methods, we can easily implement web crawling. For example, we want to crawl the logo image on Baidu's homepage. We can use the find() method again to obtain the Logo image element, and use the attr() method to obtain the link address of the image, and finally use the file_gets_content() function to download the image. The specific code is as follows:

//载入百度首页
$html = file_get_contents('https://www.baidu.com');
$doc = phpQuery::newDocumentHTML($html);
//获取百度首页Logo图片链接地址
$img_url = $doc->find('#lg img')->attr('src');
//通过file_get_contents()函数获取图片内容并保存到本地
$img_content = file_get_contents($img_url);
file_put_contents('baidu_logo.jpeg', $img_content);

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4. Conclusion

PHPQuery is a convenient, fast and powerful PHP class library that can provide great help for our web crawling, data extraction and other work . The above content is only a brief introduction to PHPQuery. Readers can better master this technology through more in-depth study and practice. At the same time, when crawling web pages, you should respect the website's copyright and crawling rules to avoid risks and legal liabilities caused by illegal crawling or improper use.

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