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php使用curl访问https示例分享_PHP

Jun 01, 2016 am 11:56 AM

为方便说明,先上代码吧

复制代码 代码如下:
/**
 * curl POST
 *
 * @param   string  url
 * @param   array   数据
 * @param   int     请求超时时间
 * @param   bool    HTTPS时是否进行严格认证
 * @return  string
 */ 
function curlPost($url, $data = array(), $timeout = 30, $CA = true){   

    $cacert = getcwd() . '/cacert.pem'; //CA根证书 
    $SSL = substr($url, 0, 8) == "https://" ? true : false; 

    $ch = curl_init(); 
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url); 
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, $timeout); 
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, $timeout-2); 
    if ($SSL && $CA) { 
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, true);   // 只信任CA颁布的证书 
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CAINFO, $cacert); // CA根证书(用来验证的网站证书是否是CA颁布) 
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2); // 检查证书中是否设置域名,并且是否与提供的主机名匹配 
    } else if ($SSL && !$CA) { 
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false); // 信任任何证书 
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 1); // 检查证书中是否设置域名 
    } 
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true); 
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Expect:')); //避免data数据过长问题 
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, true); 
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data); 
    //curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, http_build_query($data)); //data with URLEncode 

    $ret = curl_exec($ch); 
    //var_dump(curl_error($ch));  //查看报错信息 

    curl_close($ch); 
    return $ret;   
}   

如果URL地址是https打头,那就走SSL,否则就走普通的HTTP协议。

是否走HTTPS的话就安全了吗?其实SSL也有不同的验证程度。

例如需不需要验证证书中的公用名呢?(BTW:公用名(Common Name)一般来讲就是填写你将要申请SSL证书的域名 (domain)或子域名(sub domain)。)

需要验证主机名吗?

是任何证书都信任呢还是只信任CA颁布的呢?

(我擦嘞,电池快没点了,只捡关键地儿说了 - -|||)

如果网站SSL证书买的是CA的(通常比较贵),那么访问时可以使用比较严格的认证,即:

复制代码 代码如下:
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, true);   // 只信任CA颁布的证书
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CAINFO, $cacert); // CA根证书(用来验证的网站证书是否是CA颁布)
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2); // 检查证书中是否设置域名,并且是否与提供的主机名匹配

如果网站的证书是自己生成的,或者是网上的小机构申请的,那么访问时如果使用严格认证则不会通过,直接返回false。(对了,返回false时可以打印curl_error($ch)查看具体错误信息。)此时可以根据情况通过降低验证程度来保证正常访问,例如:
复制代码 代码如下:
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false); // 信任任何证书
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 1); // 检查证书中是否设置域名(为0也可以,就是连域名存在与否都不验证了)

平时我们使用浏览器访问各个https网站时,有时会遇到证书不受信的提示,其实就是因为这些网站的证书不是正规CA机构颁布的。

市面上各种浏览器中都内置了CA根证书列表信息,访问有CA颁布证书的网站时,会根据根证书验证这些网站的证书,所以就不会有这个提示了。

关于CA根证书文件,其实就是包含了各个主要CA机构的公钥证书,用来验证网站的证书是否是这些机构颁发的。

这里的这个文件是来源于mozilla的源码树,又转换成PEM格式证书文件。(大家可以到这里下载现成的http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem)

最后说一个和SSL无关的东西:
复制代码 代码如下:
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Expect:'));

这个主要是为了解决POST时数据过长问题

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