Nginx access log analysis configuration, real-time monitoring of website access

Nginx access log analysis configuration, real-time monitoring of website access

Nginx is a high-performance web server and reverse proxy server. Compared with other web servers, it handles static resources and high concurrent requests. It has better performance advantages. For operation and maintenance personnel, it is very important to understand the access status of the website. You can obtain detailed information about access behavior and access sources by analyzing Nginx access logs. This article will introduce how to configure Nginx access log analysis and monitor website access in real time.

First, make sure Nginx is installed correctly and running. Normally, Nginx's access log is located in the /var/log/nginx/access.log file. We can configure Nginx to write logs to specified files and record access information in a predetermined format.

Find the http section in the Nginx configuration file (usually /etc/nginx/nginx.conf) and add the following configuration:

http {
    ...
    
    log_format custom_format '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '
                          '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent '
                          '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
    
    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log custom_format;
    
    ...
}

The above code defines a custom log format (custom_format), which includes various fields required to record access information. The specific log format configuration can be adjusted according to actual needs. The access_log directive specifies the path and format of the log file. In this example, we name the log file access.log and use a custom format for recording.

After updating the configuration, you need to restart Nginx to make the configuration take effect:

sudo systemctl restart nginx

Now, Nginx will write the access information in the configured format /var/log/nginx/access .log file. Next, we can use log analysis tools to parse Nginx access logs to better understand website access.

Commonly used log analysis tools include ELK Stack, Awstats, GoAccess, etc. In this article, we will introduce the use of GoAccess to monitor Nginx access in real time.

GoAccess is a real-time log analyzer based on the command line, which can generate intuitive and interactive reports and display the results in HTML format. First, we need to check whether GoAccess has been installed. If not, you can install it through the following command:

sudo apt-get install goaccess

After the installation is complete, we can use the following command to monitor Nginx access in real time:

sudo tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log | goaccess -a -o /var/www/html/report.html

Among the above commands, tail -f is used to monitor Nginx access log files, and the goaccess command will parse the log in real time and generate a report. The -a flag is used to display all access information, and the -o flag is used to specify the output path of the report. In this example, the report will be stored in HTML format in the /var/www/html/report.html file.

Now, we can view the real-time Nginx access report by accessing http://your_server_ip/report.html through the browser. The report will provide information about the number of visits, access sources, common user agents, HTTP response codes, etc., to help us better understand the access and performance status of the website.

By configuring Nginx access log analysis and real-time monitoring, we can obtain detailed information about website visits in a timely manner. This is very helpful for understanding website performance, troubleshooting abnormal access behavior, and making corresponding optimization adjustments. I hope this article will be helpful to readers who want to learn more about Nginx access log analysis.

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