Nginx reverse proxy sets domain name and elegantly implements forwarding

Nginx reverse proxy sets domain name and elegantly implements forwarding

Overview
In web development, we often encounter situations where a proxy is required to forward requests. As a high-performance web server, Nginx can forward requests through reverse proxy, thereby achieving efficient load balancing and dynamic configuration.

The basic principle of Nginx reverse proxy is to send the request from the client to the Nginx server, and then the Nginx server forwards the request to the back-end server that actually processes the request. By setting the domain name, we can implement different proxy forwarding rules for requests from different domain names.

Set the domain name
To implement proxy forwarding of the domain name, you first need to configure the domain name resolution. Suppose we have two domain names that need to be forwarded, namely www.example1.com and www.example2.com. We can resolve these two domain names to the IP address of the Nginx server on the DNS service provider's console.

Next, we need to set the proxy forwarding rules for the domain name in the Nginx configuration file. Open the Nginx configuration file, usually located at /etc/nginx/nginx.conf, find the server block, and then configure the corresponding domain name and forwarding rules in the server block.

The sample code is as follows:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.example1.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://backend1;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
    }
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.example2.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://backend2;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
    }
}

In the above code, we first define a server block, set the listen command to listen to port 80, and the server_name command sets the domain name to www.example1.com . The configuration directive proxy_pass in the location block specifies that the forwarding target of the request is http://backend1. The proxy_set_header directive sets the Host field of the request header to $host, which is to maintain the authenticity of the request.

Similarly, we add another server block, set server_name to www.example2.com, and proxy_pass to http://backend2.

Configuring forwarding targets
In the above configuration, we use backend1 and backend2 as forwarding targets. These two targets refer to the address of the backend server, which can be a domain name, IP address, or UNIX domain socket.

To associate these two forwarding targets with the backend server that actually handles the request, we need to add an upstream block within the http block of the Nginx configuration file. The sample code is as follows:

http {
    upstream backend1 {
        server backend1.example.com;
    }
    upstream backend2 {
        server backend2.example.com;
    }
}

In the above code, we define two upstream blocks to associate the address of the backend server with backend1 and backend2 through the server directive. Among them, backend1.example.com and backend2.example.com are the addresses of the backend servers that actually handle the request.

Restart Nginx
After completing the configuration of the domain name and forwarding target, we need to restart the Nginx server to make the configuration take effect. Enter the following command in the terminal to restart:

sudo service nginx restart

Then, you can test whether the forwarding is set correctly by visiting www.example1.com and www.example2.com.

Summary
By setting the domain name and forwarding rules, we can implement Nginx's reverse proxy and forward requests to different back-end servers. This allows you to flexibly configure forwarding rules and achieve efficient load balancing and dynamic configuration. At the same time, Nginx also provides a wealth of modules and functions, which can further expand the capabilities of reverse proxy and meet more needs.

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