Nginx reverse proxy cache configuration to improve website access speed

Nginx reverse proxy cache configuration to improve website access speed

Introduction:
In the Internet era, website access speed is crucial. A website that loads slowly makes users impatient and can lead to user churn. In order to improve the access speed of the website, a common way is to reduce the load on the server and speed up the loading of the page by using reverse proxy cache. This article will introduce how to use Nginx to configure reverse proxy cache to improve website access speed.

1. What is Nginx reverse proxy cache?
Nginx is a lightweight HTTP reverse proxy server that can forward client requests to the back-end application server and cache the returned results. When the same request arrives next time, Nginx can directly return the results in the cache without requesting the application server again, thereby speeding up page loading.

2. Nginx reverse proxy cache configuration steps:

1. Install Nginx
   First, we need to install Nginx on the server. For specific installation steps, you can refer to the Nginx official documentation or use the package manager to install.

2. Configure Nginx
   Open the Nginx configuration file and add the following code segment in the server block:

   proxy_cache_path /path/to/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=my_cache:10m max_size=10g inactive=60m;

   The proxy_cache_path directive here is used to configure the cache path and capacity. path/to/cache is the cache storage path, my_cache is the name of the cache area, 10m specifies the size of the cache area, 10gIndicates that the maximum capacity of the entire cache is 10GB, inactive=60m indicates that the cached content will expire if it is not accessed within 60 minutes.

Add the following code segment in the location block:

proxy_cache my_cache;
proxy_cache_valid 200 302 10m;
proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;

The proxy_cache directive here is used to enable the cache function, proxy_cache_valid## The # directive is used to set the cache validity time. In the above example, for responses with HTTP status codes 200 and 302, the cache validity time is 10 minutes; for responses with HTTP status code 404, the cache validity time is 1 minute.

3. Configuring cache rules

   In addition to configuring the cache path and cache validity time, we can also set some cache rules to determine which requests need to be cached. Add the following code segment in the location block:
   

   proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args$args;
   proxy_cache_bypass $http_cache_control;
   
   proxy_no_cache $http_pragma $http_authorization;

   In the above example,

   proxy_cache_key is used to set the cache key. Here, the requested host, uri and parameters are used as the key. proxy_cache_bypass is used to bypass the cache. This function is implemented here by checking the Cache-Control field in the HTTP request header. proxy_no_cache is used to set the conditions for completely disabling caching. This function is implemented here by checking the Pragma and Authorization fields in the HTTP request header.

4. Restart Nginx

   After completing the above configuration, save and close the configuration file. Then use the command to restart Nginx:
   

   sudo service nginx restart

3. Usage scenarios of Nginx reverse proxy cache

Nginx reverse proxy cache is suitable for websites whose content is relatively stable and not updated frequently. For example, static web pages, images, CSS and JavaScript resources can be cached to reduce requests to the back-end server and improve the loading speed of the website.

It should be noted that some dynamic content such as user login information or personalized content are not suitable for caching.

Conclusion:

Nginx’s reverse proxy caching function can effectively speed up website access. By configuring Nginx reverse proxy cache, we can reduce the request load on the backend server and improve the user's access experience. However, it is crucial to configure caching rules properly to ensure the real-time and consistency of cached content.

Reference:

Nginx Documentation. (https://nginx.org/en/docs/)
1. Tuning Nginx for Performance. (https:/ /www.nginx.com/blog/tuning-nginx/)

Through the above steps, you can use Nginx’s reverse proxy cache configuration to improve website access speed. hope it is of help to you.

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