How to install and configure Nginx server on Linux

How to install and configure Nginx server on Linux

Nginx is a high-performance open source web server software that is widely used to build high-performance websites and applications. This article will introduce you to how to install and configure Nginx server on Linux operating system.

Step 1: Update System
Before installing any software, first make sure your system is up to date. Run the following command in the terminal to update the system to the latest version:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Step 2: Install Nginx
Run the following command in the terminal to install Nginx:

sudo apt install nginx

The installation process may take some time. After the installation is completed, enter your server IP address in the browser and you will see the default welcome page of Nginx , indicating that Nginx is installed successfully.

Step 3: Configure Nginx
The Nginx configuration file is located in the /etc/nginx directory. You can use any text editor to edit this file. For example:

sudo nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

In the configuration file, you can change the following common options:

1. Server_name: This Is the domain name or IP address of the server. By default, a server_name parameter has been specified in the Nginx configuration file, and you can modify it to your own domain name or IP address.

For example:
server_name example.com;

2. Server_tokens: By default, Nginx returns the server's details in the HTTP response header. To enhance server security, it is recommended to set this to off to disable the display of server details.

For example:
server_tokens off;

3. Location: Nginx location block is used to define the configuration of different URL paths. You can add or modify different location blocks as needed. For example, the following code will redirect the /example path to http://example.com:

location /example {

return 301 http://example.com;

}

Save and close the configuration file, use the following command to reload the Nginx configuration file:

sudo systemctl reload nginx

Step 4: Configure Nginx virtual host
Virtual host allows you to host multiple website. Nginx virtual host can be configured by creating a new configuration file.

1. Create a new configuration file:
   Use the following command to create a new configuration file in the /etc/nginx/sites-available directory and name it:

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com.conf

2. Write the configuration file:
   In the new configuration file, you need to define the server name of the virtual host , root directory and other related options. The following is an example of a sample configuration file:

server {

listen 80;
server_name example.com;
root /var/www/example.com;

location / {
    index index.html;
}

}

3. Enable virtual host:
   After creating the configuration file, Use the following command to enable it:

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

Then Reload the Nginx configuration file:

sudo systemctl reload nginx

Step 5: Configure HTTPS
In order to protect the data security of the website, it is recommended to enable HTTPS for the website. Here is some sample code on how to configure HTTPS:

1. Generate SSL certificate:
   Generate a self-signed SSL certificate using the following command:

sudo openssl req - x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/nginx/cert.key -out /etc/nginx/cert.crt

2. Configure virtual host:
   Edit yours Virtual host configuration file, add the following code in the server block:

listen 443 ssl;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert. key;

Save and close the configuration file, and reload the Nginx configuration file.

Step 6: Start Nginx
After changing the configuration, use the following command to start the Nginx service:

sudo systemctl start nginx

You can use the following command to check Nginx Is it running:

systemctl status nginx

Now, you have successfully installed and configured the Nginx server on Linux. You can do more customization and optimization as needed. Good luck building high-performance websites and applications with Nginx!

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