深入解读php中关于抽象(abstract)类和抽象方法的问题分析_PHP
在面向对象(OOP)语言中,一个类可以有一个或多个子类,而每个类都有至少一个公有方法作为外部代码访问的接口。而抽象方法就是为了方便继承而引入的,现在来看一下抽象类和抽象方法分别是如何定义以及他们的特点。
什么是抽象方法?我们在类里面定义的只有方法名没有方法体的方法就是抽象方法,所谓没有方法体就是在方法声明的时候没有大括号以及其中的内容,而是直接声明时在方法名后加上分号结束,另外在声明抽象方法时还要加一个关键字"abstract"来修饰。
1、抽象关键字 :abstract
抽象就是无法确切的说明,但又有一定的概念或者名称,在PHP中声明一个抽象类或者方法我们需要使用adstract关键字。
2、抽象方法和抽象类的定义
一个类中至少有一个方法是抽象的,我们称之为抽象类。所以如果定义抽象类首先定义抽象方法。
复制代码 代码如下:
abstract class class1{
abstract function fun1();
……
}
1、类中至少有一个抽象方法
2、抽象方法不允许有{ }
3、抽象方法前面必须要加abstract
3、抽象类和方法使用规则
抽象类的几个特点:
1、不能被实例化,只能被继承
2、继承的派生类当中要把所有抽象方法重载才能实例化
关于抽象方法的声明如下:
复制代码 代码如下:
abstract function fun1();
?>
什么是抽象类呢?只要一个类里面有一个方法是抽象方法,那么这个类就必须定义为抽象类。抽象类也要使用关键字"abstract"来修饰,抽象类不能实例化对象,所以抽象方法作为子类方法重载的模板使用的,且要把继承的抽象类里的方法都实现。
关于抽象类以及抽象类的实现举例如下:
复制代码 代码如下:
abstract class User{ //定义抽象类
abstract protected function getUser(); //定义抽象方法
public function print_content(){
print $this->getUser();
}
}
class vipUser extends User{
protected function getUser(){
return "抽象类与抽象方法www.bitsCN.com";
}
}
$user=new vipUser(); //实例化子类
$user->print_content(); //抽象类与抽象方法
?>
注意:抽象类继承另外一个抽象类时(目的是对该抽象类的扩展),不能重写父类的抽象方法。
在PHP5.1中,抽象类中支持静态抽象方法。下面这个例子,看到静态抽象方法可以声明。实现这个方法时,必须是静态的方法。
复制代码 代码如下:
abstract class User{
protected static $sal=0;
static abstract function getSal();
static abstract function setSal($sal);
}
class VipUser extends User{
static function getSal(){
return self::$sal;
}
static function setSal($sal){
self::$sal=$sal;
}
}
VipUser::setSal(100);
echo "you sal is www.bitsCN.com " . VipUser::getSal();
?>

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