How to set up highly available system security auditing on Linux

How to set up high-availability system security auditing on Linux

Introduction:
In today's digital era, security has become a key issue for data and information systems. In order to ensure the security of the system, system administrators need to conduct security audits of the system and monitor and deal with potential security threats. In Linux systems, you can achieve comprehensive monitoring of system security by configuring high-availability system security auditing. This article will introduce how to set up high-availability system security auditing on Linux, and provide code examples to help readers better understand.

Step 1: Install the audit tool
In Linux systems, you can use the auditd tool to perform system security audits. First, we need to make sure the auditd tool is installed on the system. You can use the following command to check whether the auditd tool has been installed:

$ rpm -qa | grep audit

If the auditd tool has been installed, relevant information will be output. If it is not installed, you can use the following command to install it:

$ sudo yum install auditd

Step 2: Configure audit rules
Once the auditd tool is installed, we can start configuring audit rules. Audit rules are collections of rules that define system activity to be monitored. Audit rules can be configured by editing the audit.rules file. You can use the following command to edit the audit.rules file:

$ sudo vi /etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules

In the audit.rules file, you can add various rules to monitor different system activities, such as file access, process creation, system calls, etc. The following is an example rule:

-w /etc/passwd -p wa -k passwd_changes
-a always,exit -S chmod -S fchmod -S fchmodat -F arch=b64 -k perm_changes

The first rule monitors access to the /etc/passwd file and records access events with the keyword passwd_changes. The second rule monitors changes in file permissions and records related system call events, with the keyword perm_changes.

After completing editing the audit.rules file, you need to restart the auditd service for the modifications to take effect. You can use the following command to restart the auditd service:

$ sudo systemctl restart auditd

Step 3: View the audit log
After configuring the audit rules, the system will record relevant security events in the audit log. We can use commands to view the contents of the audit log. The following are some commonly used commands to view audit logs:

$ sudo ausearch -f /etc/passwd  # 查看对/etc/passwd文件的访问记录
$ sudo ausearch -k passwd_changes  # 查看关键字为passwd_changes的记录
$ sudo ausearch -sc chmod -sc fchmod -sc fchmodat  # 查看文件权限变化的记录

Note: Audit logs can become very large, so it is recommended to back up and clean the audit logs regularly.

Conclusion:
By configuring high-availability system security auditing, we can achieve comprehensive security monitoring of the Linux system. In this article, we introduce the steps to set up highly available system security auditing on Linux and provide corresponding code examples. I hope this article can help readers better understand and implement system security auditing, and protect the security of data and information while protecting system security in the digital era.

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