How to configure container security on Linux

How to configure container security on Linux

With the rapid development of container technology, more and more enterprises and developers are beginning to deploy applications in containers. However, while enjoying the convenience brought by containers, we also need to pay attention to the issue of container security. This article will introduce how to configure container security on Linux, including configuring container runtime security options, using container isolation technology, and auditing container activities.

1. Configuring security options for the container runtime

The container runtime is the component responsible for managing the life cycle of the container, such as the Docker Engine in Docker. In order to improve the security of the container, we can limit the permissions of the container by configuring the security options of the container runtime.

For example, we can set a read-only root file system for the container to prohibit the container from modifying sensitive files on the host:

docker run --read-only ...

In addition, we can also use - -cap-add and --cap-drop parameters to limit permissions in the container and only grant the minimum operating permissions required by the container:

docker run --cap-add=NET_ADMIN ...
docker run --cap-drop=all ...

2. Use container isolation technology

Container isolation technology is an important means to ensure mutual isolation between containers. The Linux kernel provides a variety of container isolation mechanisms, including namespaces, cgroups, and SecComp.

Namespace (Namespace) can isolate the resources of a process and its sub-processes so that they can run in a namespace without sharing resources with other containers. For example, we can use the unshare command to start a container in a new namespace:

unshare --mount --pid --net --uts --ipc --user --fork --mount-proc docker run ...

cgroups (Control Groups) allow us to limit and prioritize resources in the container, such as CPU, memory, disk IO, etc. For example, we can use the cgcreate command to create a cgroup and limit the container's CPU usage to 50%:

cgcreate -g cpu:/mygroup
echo 50000 > /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/mygroup/cpu.cfs_quota_us

SecComp (Secure Computing Mode) is a security method used to filter system calls Mechanism, SecComp can be used in the container to restrict the container's access to sensitive system calls. For example, we can use the seccomp parameter to enable SecComp and configure system call rules:

docker run --security-opt seccomp=/path/to/seccomp.json ...

3. Audit container activity

Audit container activity is the implementation container One of the important means of security. Through auditing, we can record and monitor the behavior of containers and discover potential security issues in a timely manner.

The Linux kernel provides the audit subsystem that can be used to audit and track activities in the system. We can use the auditctl command to configure audit rules and enable the audit function:

auditctl -w /path/to/container -p rwxa
auditctl -w /path/to/host -p rwxa
auditctl -w /path/to/filesystem -p rwxa
auditctl -w /path/to/network -p rwxa

The above command will monitor the file system and network activities of the specified path on the container and its host, and record relevant Audit log.

Conclusion

By configuring the security options of the container runtime, using container isolation technology, and auditing container activities, we can effectively improve the security of containers on Linux. However, container security is a complex topic that requires consideration of multiple factors. In addition to the methods described above, there are many other security measures available. I hope this article can provide you with some useful information to help you better secure your containers.

Reference:

1. Docker Documentaion. https://docs.docker.com/
2. Red Hat Container Security Guide. https://access.redhat .com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html-single/managing_containers/
3. Linux Audit - Documentation. http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/audit.7. html

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