php cURL和Rolling cURL并发方式比较_PHP
在实际项目或者自己编写小工具(比如新闻聚合,商品价格监控,比价)的过程中, 通常需要从第3方网站或者API接口获取数据, 在需要处理1个URL队列时, 为了提高性能, 可以采用cURL提供的curl_multi_*族函数实现简单的并发。
本文将探讨两种具体的实现方法, 并对不同的方法做简单的性能对比.
1. 经典cURL并发机制及其存在的问题
经典的cURL实现机制在网上很容易找到, 比如参考PHP在线手册的如下实现方式:
复制代码 代码如下:
function
classic_curl($urls,
$delay)
{
$queue
= curl_multi_init();
$map
= array();
foreach
($urls
as
$url)
{
//
create cURL resources
$ch
= curl_init();
//
set URL and other appropriate options
curl_setopt($ch,
CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch,
CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 1);
curl_setopt($ch,
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch,
CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_setopt($ch,
CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, true);
//
add handle
curl_multi_add_handle($queue,
$ch);
$map[$url]
= $ch;
}
$active
= null;
//
execute the handles
do
{
$mrc
= curl_multi_exec($queue,
$active);
}
while
($mrc
== CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);
while
($active
> 0 && $mrc
== CURLM_OK) {
if
(curl_multi_select($queue,
0.5) != -1) {
do
{
$mrc
= curl_multi_exec($queue,
$active);
}
while
($mrc
== CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);
}
}
$responses
= array();
foreach
($map
as
$url=>$ch)
{
$responses[$url]
= callback(curl_multi_getcontent($ch),
$delay);
curl_multi_remove_handle($queue,
$ch);
curl_close($ch);
}
curl_multi_close($queue);
return
$responses;
}
首先将所有的URL压入并发队列, 然后执行并发过程, 等待所有请求接收完之后进行数据的解析等后续处理. 在实际的处理过程中, 受网络传输的影响, 部分URL的内容会优先于其他URL返回, 但是经典cURL并发必须等待最慢的那个URL返回之后才开始处理, 等待也就意味着CPU的空闲和浪费. 如果URL队列很短, 这种空闲和浪费还处在可接受的范围, 但如果队列很长, 这种等待和浪费将变得不可接受.
2. 改进的Rolling cURL并发方式
仔细分析不难发现经典cURL并发还存在优化的空间, 优化的方式时当某个URL请求完毕之后尽可能快的去处理它, 边处理边等待其他的URL返回, 而不是等待那个最慢的接口返回之后才开始处理等工作, 从而避免CPU的空闲和浪费. 闲话不多说, 下面贴上具体的实现:
复制代码 代码如下:
function
rolling_curl($urls,
$delay)
{
$queue
= curl_multi_init();
$map
= array();
foreach
($urls
as
$url)
{
$ch
= curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch,
CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch,
CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 1);
curl_setopt($ch,
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch,
CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_setopt($ch,
CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, true);
curl_multi_add_handle($queue,
$ch);
$map[(string)
$ch]
= $url;
}
$responses
= array();
do
{
while
(($code
= curl_multi_exec($queue,
$active))
== CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM) ;
if
($code
!= CURLM_OK) { break;
}
//
a request was just completed -- find out which one
while
($done
= curl_multi_info_read($queue))
{
//
get the info and content returned on the request
$info
= curl_getinfo($done['handle']);
$error
= curl_error($done['handle']);
$results
= callback(curl_multi_getcontent($done['handle']),
$delay);
$responses[$map[(string)
$done['handle']]]
= compact('info',
'error',
'results');
//
remove the curl handle that just completed
curl_multi_remove_handle($queue,
$done['handle']);
curl_close($done['handle']);
}
//
Block for data in / output; error handling is done by curl_multi_exec
if
($active
> 0) {
curl_multi_select($queue,
0.5);
}
}
while
($active);
curl_multi_close($queue);
return
$responses;
}
3. 两种并发实现的性能对比
改进前后的性能对比试验在LINUX主机上进行, 测试时使用的并发队列如下:
http://a.com/item.htm?id=14392877692
http:/a.com/item.htm?id=16231676302
http://a.com/item.htm?id=5522416710
http://a.com/item.htm?id=16551116403
简要说明下实验设计的原则和性能测试结果的格式: 为保证结果的可靠, 每组实验重复20次, 在单次实验中, 给定相同的接口URL集合, 分别测量Classic(指经典的并发机制)和Rolling(指改进后的并发机制)两种并发机制的耗时(秒为单位), 耗时短者胜出(Winner), 并计算节省的时间(Excellence, 秒为单位)以及性能提升比例(Excel. %). 为了尽量贴近真实的请求而又保持实验的简单, 在对返回结果的处理上只是做了简单的正则表达式匹配, 而没有进行其他复杂的操作. 另外, 为了确定结果处理回调对性能对比测试结果的影响, 可以使用usleep模拟现实中比较负责的数据处理逻辑(如提取, 分词, 写入文件或数据库等).
性能测试中用到的回调函数为:
复制代码 代码如下:
function
callback($data,
$delay)
{
preg_match_all('/
(.+)/iU',
$data,
$matches);
usleep($delay);
return
compact('data',
'matches');
}
数据处理回调无延迟时: Rolling Curl略优, 但性能提升效果不明显。

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics



PHP 8.4 brings several new features, security improvements, and performance improvements with healthy amounts of feature deprecations and removals. This guide explains how to install PHP 8.4 or upgrade to PHP 8.4 on Ubuntu, Debian, or their derivati

If you are an experienced PHP developer, you might have the feeling that you’ve been there and done that already.You have developed a significant number of applications, debugged millions of lines of code, and tweaked a bunch of scripts to achieve op

Visual Studio Code, also known as VS Code, is a free source code editor — or integrated development environment (IDE) — available for all major operating systems. With a large collection of extensions for many programming languages, VS Code can be c

JWT is an open standard based on JSON, used to securely transmit information between parties, mainly for identity authentication and information exchange. 1. JWT consists of three parts: Header, Payload and Signature. 2. The working principle of JWT includes three steps: generating JWT, verifying JWT and parsing Payload. 3. When using JWT for authentication in PHP, JWT can be generated and verified, and user role and permission information can be included in advanced usage. 4. Common errors include signature verification failure, token expiration, and payload oversized. Debugging skills include using debugging tools and logging. 5. Performance optimization and best practices include using appropriate signature algorithms, setting validity periods reasonably,

This tutorial demonstrates how to efficiently process XML documents using PHP. XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a versatile text-based markup language designed for both human readability and machine parsing. It's commonly used for data storage an

A string is a sequence of characters, including letters, numbers, and symbols. This tutorial will learn how to calculate the number of vowels in a given string in PHP using different methods. The vowels in English are a, e, i, o, u, and they can be uppercase or lowercase. What is a vowel? Vowels are alphabetic characters that represent a specific pronunciation. There are five vowels in English, including uppercase and lowercase: a, e, i, o, u Example 1 Input: String = "Tutorialspoint" Output: 6 explain The vowels in the string "Tutorialspoint" are u, o, i, a, o, i. There are 6 yuan in total

Static binding (static::) implements late static binding (LSB) in PHP, allowing calling classes to be referenced in static contexts rather than defining classes. 1) The parsing process is performed at runtime, 2) Look up the call class in the inheritance relationship, 3) It may bring performance overhead.

What are the magic methods of PHP? PHP's magic methods include: 1.\_\_construct, used to initialize objects; 2.\_\_destruct, used to clean up resources; 3.\_\_call, handle non-existent method calls; 4.\_\_get, implement dynamic attribute access; 5.\_\_set, implement dynamic attribute settings. These methods are automatically called in certain situations, improving code flexibility and efficiency.
