How to configure highly available container storage performance optimization on Linux

How to configure high-availability container storage performance optimization on Linux

Introduction:
With the continuous development of container technology, more and more enterprises are applying it to production environments, and storage Performance is one of the key factors in running containers. This article will introduce how to configure high-availability container storage performance optimization on Linux systems and provide corresponding code examples.

1. Select a suitable storage driver
When configuring container storage performance, you first need to select a suitable storage driver. Common storage drivers include OverlayFS, AUFS, Device Mapper, etc. The following uses OverlayFS as an example for introduction.

1. Check whether the OverlayFS module is loaded on the Linux system:

lsmod | grep overlay

If not, please run the following command to load the module:

modprobe overlay

2. Modify Docker's default storage driver and set it to OverlayFS. Edit the Docker configuration file /etc/docker/daemon.json and add the following content:

{
  "storage-driver": "overlay2"
}

Save and restart the Docker service:

systemctl restart docker

2. Use high-performance storage media
Choosing the appropriate storage medium can significantly improve the storage performance of the container. Two common high-performance storage media are introduced below.

1. NVMe SSD
   NVMe SSD (Non-Volatile Memory Express Solid-State Drive) is a new generation of high-speed storage device. Using NVMe SSD as container storage media can greatly improve IO performance. In the Linux system, you can use the following command to check whether the system has recognized the NVMe SSD:

lsblk

If the NVMe SSD has been recognized, you can mount it to the appropriate directory, and then create or When starting the container, point the storage path to the mounted directory.

2. Distributed storage system
   Using a distributed storage system can store data dispersedly on multiple nodes, improving the concurrency and availability of data access. Common distributed storage systems include Ceph, GlusterFS, etc. The following uses Ceph as an example to configure.

Step 1: Install Ceph
First, you need to install the Ceph software package on each node. You can install it through the following command:

yum install ceph

Step 2: Create a storage pool
Next, you need to create a Ceph storage pool to store the container's data. You can create a storage pool through the following command:

ceph osd pool create {pool-name} {pg-num} {pgp-num}

pool-name is the name of the storage pool, pg-num and pgp-num are the number of PG (Placement Group), which can be adjusted according to needs.

Step 3: Mapping the storage pool
Map the newly created storage pool as a block device, which can be achieved through the following command:

rbd create {pool-name}/{image-name} --size {size}

image-name is the name of the mapped block device, size is the device size.

Step 4: Mount the block device
Mount the mapped block device to a directory under the file system, which can be achieved through the following command:

rbd map {pool-name}/{image-name}
mkdir -p {mount-dir}
mount /dev/rbd/{pool-name}/{image-name} {mount-dir}

mount-dir is the mount Download directory.

Step 5: Configure Docker storage driver
Edit the Docker configuration file /etc/docker/daemon.json and add the following content:

{
  "storage-driver": "rbd",
  "storage-opts": [
    "ceph.fsname={pool-name}",
    "ceph.conf=/etc/ceph/ceph.conf",
    "ceph.user={ceph-username}"
  ]
}

pool-name is the created Ceph storage pool name, ceph.conf is the path to the Ceph configuration file, and ceph-username is the username for accessing the Ceph storage pool.

Save and restart the Docker service:

systemctl restart docker

3. Adjust the kernel parameters
Adjusting the Linux kernel parameters can improve the storage performance of the container. The following are some commonly used kernel parameter tuning examples.

1. Increase the maximum number of open files in the file system:

echo 1000000 > /proc/sys/fs/file-max

2. Increase the maximum request queue length of disk IO:

echo 16384 > /sys/block/sdX/queue/nr_requests

Among them, sdX is the disk device identification, which can be adjusted according to the actual situation.

3. Adjust the maximum number of handles to the file system:

echo 1000000 > /proc/sys/fs/inode-max

Save the above parameter adjustments and add them to the /etc/sysctl.conf file to make them available in the system It takes effect automatically on startup.

Conclusion:
This article introduces the method of configuring highly available container storage performance optimization on Linux systems, and provides relevant code examples. By selecting appropriate storage drivers, using high-performance storage media, and adjusting kernel parameters, the storage performance of containers can be significantly improved and meet the requirements of enterprise production environments for containers. In actual configuration, it needs to be adjusted and optimized according to specific scenarios and needs.

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