php cookie使用方法学习笔记分享_PHP
PHP setcookie() 函数向客户端发送一个 HTTP cookie。cookie 是由服务器发送到浏览器的变量。cookie 通常是服务器嵌入到用户计算机中的小文本文件。每当计算机通过浏览器请求一个页面,就会发送这个 cookie。cookie 的名称指定为相同名称的变量。例如,如果被发送的 cookie 名为 "name",会自动创建名为 $user 的变量,包含 cookie 的值。
必须在任何其他输出发送前对 cookie 进行赋值。如果成功,则该函数返回 true,否则返回 false。
1 setcookie(name, value, expire, path, domain, secure)
•name 必需。规定 cookie 的名称。
•value 必需。规定 cookie 的值。
•expire 可选。规定 cookie 的有效期。
•path 可选。规定 cookie 的服务器路径。
•domain 可选。规定 cookie 的域名。
•secure 可选。规定是否通过安全的 HTTPS 连接来传输 cookie。
可以通过 $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS["user"] 或 $_COOKIE["user"] 来访问名为 "user" 的 cookie 的值。在发送 cookie 时,cookie 的值会自动进行 URL 编码。接收时会进行 URL 解码。如果你不需要这样,可以使用 setrawcookie() 代替。
例,php设置和获取cookie
复制代码 代码如下:
setcookie('mycookie','value');
//函数原型:int setcookie(string name,string value,int expire,string path,string domain,int secure)
echo($mycookie);
echo($HTTP_COOKIE_VARS['mycookie']);
echo($_COOKIE['mycookie']);
删除Cookie
(1)调用只带有name参数的setcookie();
(2)使失效时间为time()或time-1;
复制代码 代码如下:
setcookie('mycookie');或setcookie('mycookie','');或setcookie("mycookie",false);
//setcookie('mycookie','',time()-3600);
echo($HTTP_COOKIE_VARS['mycookie']);
print_r($_COOKIE);
建议删除方法:
复制代码 代码如下:
setcookie('mycookie','',time()-3600);
PHP提供一个很好用的函数mktime()。
你只要按顺序传送给mktime()你希望表示的小时,分钟,秒数,月份,日期,及年份,
mktime()就会返回该日期自1970年1月1日的总秒数。
因此,如果需要模拟 Y2K 问题:
复制代码 代码如下:
$y2k = mktime(0,0,0,1,1,2000);
setcookie('name','value',$y2k);
setcookie('name', 'value', time+3600);
setcookie('name', 'value', $y2k, '~/myhome', '.domain.com');
获取COOKIE过期时间的办法
复制代码 代码如下:
$expire = time() + 86400; // 设置24小时的有效期
setcookie ("var_name", "var_value", $expire); // 设置一个名字为var_name的cookie,并制定了有效期
setcookie ("var_name_expire", $expire, $expire); // 再将过期时间设置进cookie以便你能够知道var_name的过期时间
注:
在发送 cookie 时,cookie 的值会自动进行 URL 编码。接收时会进行 URL 解码。
如果你不需要这样,可以使用 setrawcookie() 代替。
例,cookie来保存用户登录信息
1、数据库连接配置页面:connectvars.php
复制代码 代码如下:
//数据库的位置
define('DB_HOST', 'localhost');
//用户名
define('DB_USER', 'root');
//口令
define('DB_PASSWORD', '19900101');
//数据库名
define('DB_NAME','test') ;
?>
2、登录页面:logIn.php
复制代码 代码如下:
//插入连接数据库的相关信息
require_once 'connectvars.php';
$error_msg = "";
//判断用户是否已经设置cookie,如果未设置$_COOKIE['user_id']时,执行以下代码
if(!isset($_COOKIE['user_id'])){
if(isset($_POST['submit'])){//判断用户是否提交登录表单,如果是则执行如下代码
$dbc = mysqli_connect(DB_HOST,DB_USER,DB_PASSWORD,DB_NAME);
$user_username = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc,trim($_POST['username']));
$user_password = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc,trim($_POST['password']));
if(!empty($user_username)&&!empty($user_password)){
//MySql中的SHA()函数用于对字符串进行单向加密
$query = "SELECT user_id, username FROM mismatch_user WHERE username = '$user_username' AND "."password = SHA('$user_password')";
//用用户名和密码进行查询
$data = mysqli_query($dbc,$query);
//若查到的记录正好为一条,则设置COOKIE,同时进行页面重定向
if(mysqli_num_rows($data)==1){
$row = mysqli_fetch_array($data);
setcookie('user_id',$row['user_id']);
setcookie('username',$row['username']);
$home_url = 'loged.php';
header('Location: '.$home_url);
}else{//若查到的记录不对,则设置错误信息
$error_msg = 'Sorry, you must enter a valid username and password to log in.';
}
}else{
$error_msg = 'Sorry, you must enter a valid username and password to log in.';
}
}
}else{//如果用户已经登录,则直接跳转到已经登录页面
$home_url = 'loged.php';
header('Location: '.$home_url);
}
?>
Msimatch - Log In
if(empty($_COOKIE['user_id'])){
echo '
'.$error_msg.'
';?>
}
?>
3、登入页面:loged.php
复制代码 代码如下:
//已登录页面,显示登录用户名
if(isset($_COOKIE['username'])){
echo 'You are Logged as '.$_COOKIE['username'].'
';
//点击“Log Out”,则转到logOut.php页面进行cookie的注销
echo ' Log Out('.$_COOKIE['username'].')';
}
/**在已登录页面中,可以利用用户的cookie如$_COOKIE['username']、
* $_COOKIE['user_id']对数据库进行查询,可以做好多好多事情*/
?>
4、注销cookie页面:logOut.php(注销后重定向到lonIn.php)
复制代码 代码如下:
/**cookies注销页面*/
if(isset($_COOKIE['user_id'])){
//将各个cookie的到期时间设为过去的某个时间,使它们由系统删除,时间以秒为单位
setcookie('user_id','',time()-3600);
setcookie('username','',time()-3600);
}
//location首部使浏览器重定向到另一个页面
$home_url = 'logIn.php';
header('Location:'.$home_url);
?>
最后总结三点,大家必须留意
1: 设置cookie时的注意事项
在同一个页面中设置cookie,实际上是按从后往前的顺序进行的.如果要先删除一个cookie,再写入一个cookie,则必须先写写入语句,再写删除语句.否则会出现错误.
2: setcookie举例
简单的: setcookie("mycookie","value_of_mycookie");
带失效时间的: setcookie("withExpire","Expire_in_1_hour",time()+3600);
什么都有的:setcookie("FullCookie","Full_cookie_value",time+3600,"/forum","www.bitsCN.com",1);
3: cookie的一些特点
cookie是面向路径的.缺省path属性时,WEB服务器页会自动传递当前路径给浏览器.指定路径会强制服务器使用设置的路径.
在一个目录页面里设的cookie在另一个目录的页面里是看不到的.

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