Use php-fpm connection pool to improve database access performance

Use php-fpm connection pool to improve database access performance

Overview:
In web development, database access is one of the most frequent and time-consuming operations. The traditional method is to create a new database connection for each database operation and then close the connection after use. This method will cause frequent establishment and closing of database connections, increasing system overhead. In order to solve this problem, you can use php-fpm connection pool technology to improve database access performance.

Principle of connection pool:
Connection pool is a caching technology that pre-creates and maintains a certain number of database connections in memory. When the database needs to be accessed, the connection is obtained directly from the connection pool. Return the connection to the connection pool after use instead of frequently creating and closing database connections. In this way, the number of establishment and closing of database connections can be reduced and the database access performance can be improved.

Use php-fpm connection pool:
In PHP, you can use php-fpm connection pool to implement the function of database connection pool. The following is a sample code:

1. Configure the php-fpm connection pool:
   In the php-fpm configuration file, add relevant configuration parameters to define the size of the connection pool and the database driver used, etc. The sample configuration is as follows:

;pm = dynamic
pm = static
pm.max_children = 100
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35

Here, we set the size of the connection pool to 100, the number of starting servers to 20, the minimum number of reserved servers to 5, and the maximum number of reserved servers to 35. These parameters can be adjusted according to actual conditions.

2. Writing a database connection pool class:
   You can write a singleton class to manage the database connection pool, and implement the functions of obtaining connections from the connection pool and returning connections to the connection pool. The sample code is as follows:

class DBPool
{
    private static $instance;
    private $pool;

    private function __construct()
    {
        $this->pool = new SplQueue();
    }

    public static function getInstance()
    {
        if (!isset(self::$instance)) {
            self::$instance = new DBPool();
        }
        return self::$instance;
    }

    public function getConnection()
    {
        if (!$this->pool->isEmpty()) {
            return $this->pool->dequeue();
        }
        
        $conn = new PDO("mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test", "root", "password");
        return $conn;
    }

    public function returnConnection($conn)
    {
        $this->pool->enqueue($conn);
    }
}

3. Use the connection pool to obtain and return the connection:
   Where you need to access the database, use the connection pool to obtain and return the database connection. The sample code is as follows:

$dbPool = DBPool::getInstance();
$conn = $dbPool->getConnection();

// 执行数据库操作
$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT * FROM users");
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);

$dbPool->returnConnection($conn);

In the above sample code, first obtain a database connection through the DBPool class, then perform the required database operations, and finally return the connection to the connection pool.

Note:

• php-fpm connection pool requires additional configuration and adjustment, which should be adjusted according to the load of the system and the needs of the application.
• The size of the connection pool needs to be configured according to the actual situation. A connection pool that is too small may result in insufficient connections, and a connection pool that is too large may occupy too many resources.
• When using the connection pool, you need to pay attention to the acquisition and return of the connection to ensure the validity and correct return of the connection.

Summary:
By using php-fpm connection pool technology, the access performance of the database can be significantly improved and the number of database connection establishment and closing times can be reduced. The use of connection pool needs to be configured and adjusted according to the actual situation to achieve the best performance. At the same time, when using the connection pool, you need to pay attention to the acquisition and return of the connection to ensure the validity and correct return of the connection. By rationally using the php-fpm connection pool, the performance of database access can be greatly improved and the user experience of web applications can be improved.

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