How to build a real-time web crawler with Elasticsearch and PHP-PHP Tutorial-php.cn

How to build a real-time web crawler with Elasticsearch and PHP

王林

Release： 2023-07-07 12:50:02

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How to build a real-time web crawler using Elasticsearch and PHP

Introduction:
A web crawler is an automated program that collects information from the Internet and organizes and analyzes it. Elasticsearch is an open source search engine that provides fast, real-time search and analysis capabilities. PHP is a popular server-side scripting language. Combining Elasticsearch and PHP, we can build a real-time web crawler that scrapes data from websites and stores it in Elasticsearch for search and analysis.

Step 1: Install and configure Elasticsearch
First, we need to install and configure Elasticsearch on the server. You can download the version suitable for your operating system from the Elasticsearch official website, and install and configure it according to the official documentation.

Step 2: Set up the Elasticsearch index
In Elasticsearch, data is stored in the index. We need to define the structure and fields of the index. The following is an example index definition for storing data we crawl from the website:

PUT my_index
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "title": {
        "type": "text"
      },
      "content": {
        "type": "text"
      },
      "url": {
        "type": "keyword"
      }
    }
  }
}

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Here we define an index named "my_index", which contains "title", "content" and "url" three fields. The "title" and "content" fields are of type "text", and the "url" field is of type "keyword". You can define more fields according to your needs.

Step 3: Write PHP crawler code
Next, we will use PHP to write a simple web crawler to crawl data from the specified website and store the data in Elasticsearch. The following is an example code:

<?php

// 定义需要抓取的目标网站URL
$targetUrl = "https://www.example.com";

// 创建一个Elasticsearch客户端实例
$esClient = new ElasticsearchClient();

// 从目标网站上获取HTML内容
$htmlContent = file_get_contents($targetUrl);

// 使用正则表达式提取标题和内容
preg_match('/<title>(.*?)</title>/', $htmlContent, $titleMatches);
preg_match('/<body>(.*?)</body>/', $htmlContent, $contentMatches);

// 抓取到的数据
$title = $titleMatches[1];
$content = strip_tags($contentMatches[1]); // 去除HTML标签

// 构建文档
$document = [
    'index' => 'my_index',
    'body' => [
        'title' => $title,
        'content' => $content,
        'url' => $targetUrl
    ]
];

// 将文档存储到Elasticsearch中
$esClient->index($document);

echo "数据已成功存储到Elasticsearch中！";

?>

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In this code, we first define the target website URL to be crawled. Then, an Elasticsearch client instance was created for interacting with Elasticsearch. Next, use the file_get_contents function to get the HTML content of the target website, and then use regular expressions to extract the title and content. Finally, the document is built and stored in Elasticsearch. The storage operation uses the index function provided by Elasticsearch.

Step 4: Run the crawler code
Save the above code into a PHP file and upload it to your server. Then execute the file in the terminal or command line to start running the crawler.

$ php crawler.php

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The crawler will crawl data from the specified website and store it in Elasticsearch.

Conclusion:
By combining Elasticsearch and PHP, we can build a simple but powerful real-time web crawler. With the search and analysis capabilities of Elasticsearch, we can easily search and analyze the crawled data. I hope this article is helpful to you, go and try to build your own real-time web crawler!

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