Master php-fpm process management strategies to improve performance

Master the php-fpm process management strategy to improve performance

In order to improve the performance of PHP applications, we need to pay attention to the process management strategy of PHP-FPM (FastCGI Process Manager). In this article, I will introduce the process management strategy of PHP-FPM in detail and attach corresponding code examples.

1. Selection of process management strategies

PHP-FPM provides three main process management strategies, namely static, dynamic and ondemand. These policies can be set by modifying the php-fpm.conf configuration file.

1. static (static)

In the static strategy, PHP-FPM will create a certain number of worker processes in advance and wait for requests. The number of these processes is fixed and is not affected by request volume. This strategy is suitable for situations where the request volume is relatively stable.

Sample code:

[global]
pm = static
pm.max_children = 10

In the above configuration, pm = static indicates the use of static strategy, pm.max_children = 10 indicates the number of worker processes for 10.

2. dynamic (dynamic)

In the dynamic strategy, PHP-FPM will dynamically adjust the number of worker processes according to changes in request volume. This can reasonably allocate resources according to actual request conditions and avoid idle worker processes.

Sample code:

[global]
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 10
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 20

In the above configuration, pm = dynamic indicates the use of dynamic strategy, pm.max_children = 50 indicates the maximum number of worker processes The number is 50, pm.start_servers = 10 means that the number of initially created worker processes is 10, pm.min_spare_servers = 5 means that the minimum number of idle worker processes maintained is 5, pm.max_spare_servers = 20Indicates that the maximum number of idle work processes maintained is 20.

3. ondemand (on demand)

In the on-demand strategy, PHP-FPM will dynamically create and destroy worker processes based on the actual situation of the request. When a request arrives, a new worker process will be created to handle the request. After the request is processed, the worker process will be destroyed. This prevents idle worker processes from occupying system resources.

Sample code:

[global]
pm = ondemand
pm.max_children = 50
pm.process_idle_timeout = 10s

In the above configuration, pm = ondemand indicates the on-demand strategy, pm.max_children = 50 indicates the working process The maximum number is 50, pm.process_idle_timeout = 10s means that the idle worker process will be destroyed if it does not process requests for more than 10 seconds.

2. Optimization of process management strategy

In addition to selecting an appropriate process management strategy, you can also optimize through other configuration items to further improve performance.

1. Set the idle worker process life cycle

In each process management policy, you can optimize performance by setting the idle worker process life cycle. For example, setting pm.process_idle_timeout in the dynamic policy to a smaller value can cause idle worker processes to be destroyed faster and release resources.

2. Adjust the time it takes for the worker process to process requests

In some cases, a request may take a long time to be processed. In order to avoid occupying the worker process for a long time, you can limit the request processing time by adjusting the two configuration items request_terminate_timeout and request_slowlog_timeout.

Sample code:

[global]
request_terminate_timeout=30s
request_slowlog_timeout=20s

In the above configuration, request_terminate_timeout indicates that the maximum processing time of the request is 30 seconds. If it exceeds this time, it will be terminated; request_slowlog_timeoutIndicates the slow log time of the request. Exceeding this time will be recorded.

3. Practice Summary

By rationally selecting the process management strategy of PHP-FPM and tuning it according to the actual situation, the performance of PHP applications can be significantly improved. When choosing a strategy, trade-offs need to be made based on application characteristics, changes in request volume, and system resource constraints. At the same time, attention should also be paid to setting an appropriate idle working process life cycle to avoid occupying the working process for a long time and affecting system performance.

I hope this article can help readers gain an in-depth understanding of the PHP-FPM process management strategy, so as to better optimize the performance of PHP applications.

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