Analysis of php-fpm concurrent connection optimization method

Analysis of php-fpm concurrent connection optimization method

In Web development, PHP is a very popular programming language, and php-fpm is the abbreviation of PHP-FastCGI Process Manager, which is used to process PHP A common way of scripting. php-fpm improves the website's response speed and concurrent processing capabilities by creating multiple independent PHP-FPM processes to handle multiple concurrent requests. However, in high concurrency scenarios, the default configuration of php-fpm may cause some performance problems, so we need to optimize the concurrent connections of php-fpm.

1. Adjust the number of processes of php-fpm

By default, php-fpm will determine the number of processes to start based on the parameters in the configuration file. In the php-fpm.conf file, you can control the number of processes by adjusting the following parameters:

1. pm.max_children: This parameter determines the maximum number of php-fpm processes. This parameter can be adjusted appropriately according to the server's hardware configuration and load conditions. If the server has small memory, you can reduce this value appropriately to avoid system crash caused by insufficient memory.
2. pm.start_servers: This parameter specifies the number of php-fpm processes created at startup. This parameter can be adjusted according to the load of the server to ensure that there are enough processes to handle the request.
3. pm.min_spare_servers and pm.max_spare_servers: These two parameters specify the minimum and maximum number of processes for php-fpm in the idle state. Depending on the load of the server, these two parameters can be adjusted appropriately to improve the server's responsiveness.

2. Adjust the connection pool configuration of php-fpm

php-fpm has a connection pool to manage the connection with the web server. By default, the size of the connection pool is dynamically calculated based on the number of processes, but this may result in a connection pool that is too small under high concurrency, affecting performance. Therefore, we can manually adjust the size of the connection pool to optimize concurrent connections of php-fpm.

In the php-fpm.conf file, you can configure the size of the connection pool by adjusting the following parameters:

1. pm.max_requests: This parameter determines each php-fpm process The maximum number of requests processed. By default, a connection is closed after a specified number of requests have been processed, freeing up connection resources. This parameter can be adjusted according to the load of the server to reduce the consumption of connection resources.
2. pm.max_spare_servers and pm.max_requests: These two parameters specify the maximum number of connections in the connection pool. These two parameters can be appropriately adjusted according to the load of the server to increase the size of the connection pool.

The following is a sample code that shows how to adjust relevant parameters in the php-fpm.conf file:

[global]
pid = /var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /var/log/php-fpm/error.log

[www]
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 10
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 20
pm.max_requests = 1000

Through the above adjustments, you can make php-fpm Process requests more efficiently in high-concurrency scenarios, improving website performance and response speed.

Summary:

By adjusting the number of processes and connection pool configuration of php-fpm, you can effectively optimize the concurrent connections of php-fpm. In actual applications, relevant parameters need to be adjusted according to the server's hardware configuration and load conditions to achieve the best performance. At the same time, monitoring the operation of php-fpm and adjusting parameters in a timely manner are also important means to optimize concurrent connections.

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